Debian Edu / Skolelinux - 讨论区
标题：[拙译中]
2011年12月03日 星期六 18:06
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-09-24 21:37-0400\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: zh\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <article> msgid "en" msgstr "zh_cn" #. type: Content of: <article><articleinfo><title> msgid "Debian Edu / Skolelinux Squeeze 6.0.4+r0 Manual" msgstr "Debian Edu / Skolelinux Squeeze 6.0.4+r0 手册" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Manual for Debian Edu 6.0.4+r0 Codename \"Squeeze\"" msgstr "Debian Edu 6.0.4+r0 代号 \"Squeeze\" 手册" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/welcome_to_tjener.png" msgstr "./images/welcome_to_tjener.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "Debian Edu login" msgstr "Debian Edu 登录" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "This is the manual for the Debian Edu Squeeze 6.0.4+r0 release." msgstr "这一手册对应于 Debian Edu Squeeze 6.0.4+r0 的发布。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "The version at <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/" "Squeeze\"/> is a wiki and updated frequently." msgstr "" "该版本在<ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze" "\"/>维基中不断更新。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "<link linkend=\"Translations\">Translations</link> are part of the " "<computeroutput>debian-edu-doc</computeroutput> package which can be " "installed on a webserver, and is available <ulink url=\"http://maintainer." "skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/\">online</ulink>." msgstr "" "<link linkend=\"Translations\">Translations</link>是<computeroutput>debian-" "edu-doc</computeroutput> 软件包的一部分，可以安装在web服务器上，并可从<ulink " "url=\"http://maintainer.skolelinux.org/debian-edu-doc/\">online</ulink>获得。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "About Debian Edu and Skolelinux" msgstr "关于 Debian Edu 和 Skolelinux" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "Debian Edu aka Skolelinux is a Linux distribution based on Debian providing " "an out-of-the box environment of a completely configured school network." msgstr "" "Debian Edu 亦称 Skolelinux，是一个基于 Debian 的 Linux 发布版，提供一个开箱即" "用的已完全配置的学校网络环境。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "Immediatly after installation a school server running all services needed " "for a school network is set up (see the next chapter <link linkend=" "\"Architecture\">details of the architecture of this setup</link>), just " "waiting for users and machines being added via GOsa², a comfortable Web-UI, " "or any other LDAP editor. A netbooting environment is prepared using PXE, so " "after initial installation of the main server from CD, DVD or usbstick all " "other machines can be installed via the network, this includes \"roaming " "workstations\" (ones that can be taken away from the school network, usually " "laptops or netbooks) as well as PXE booting for diskless machines like " "tradional thin-clients." msgstr "" "安装学校服务器之后即刻运行的所有需要的学校网络服务设置（参看下一章 <link " "linkend=\"Architecture\">details of the architecture of this setup</link>）仅" "是通过GOsa²添加需要的用户和机器本身，及合适的Web-UI或其他LDAP编辑器。一个网络" "引导环境预备使用PXE，这样首先从CD，DVD或usb记忆棒安装主服务器之后，所有其他机" "器可以通过网络安装，这包括”移动工作站“（可以脱离学校网络，适用笔记本或上网" "本）而且PXE对无硬盘机器的引导类似传统瘦客户机。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "Several educational applications like celestia, drgeo, gcompris, geogebra, " "kalzium, kgeography and solfege are included in the default desktop setup, " "which can be extended easily and almost endlessly via the Debian universe." msgstr "" "一系列教育应用类似celestia, drgeo, gcompris, geogebra,kalzium, kgeography和" "solfege包括在缺省桌面设置，这些可以通过Debian世界轻松和几乎无限扩展。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Some history and why two names" msgstr "若干历史和为何两个名称" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.skolelinux.org\">Skolelinux</ulink> is a Linux " "distribution created by the Debian Edu project. As a <ulink url=\"http://" "wiki.debian.org/DebianPureBlends\">Debian Pure Blends</ulink> distribution " "it is an official <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org\">Debian</ulink> " "subproject." msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.skolelinux.org\">Skolelinux</ulink>是一个创建于" "Debian Edu 项目的Linux发布版。作为一个<ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/" "DebianPureBlends\">Debian纯生</ulink>发布版，它是正式的<ulink url=\"http://" "www.debian.org\">Debian</ulink>子项目。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "What this means for your school is that Skolelinux is a version of Debian " "providing an out-of-the box environment of a completely configured school-" "network." msgstr "" "这意味Skolelinux作为Debian的一个版本为你的学校提供一个已设置好的开箱即用的学" "校网路环境。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "The Skolelinux project in Norway was founded on Juli 2nd 2001 and about the " "same time Raphael Herzog started Debian-Edu in France. Since 2003 both " "projects are united, but both names stayed. \"Skole\" and " "(Debian-)\"Education\" are just two well understood terms in these regions." msgstr "" "Skolelinux项目在2001年7月2日在挪威创建，差不多同时的法国Raphael Herzog启动" "Debian-Edu。直到2003年两个项目合并，但保留两个名称。\"Skole\"和" "(Debian-)\"Education\"正是在这领域两个好懂的词。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "The main target group in Norway initially were schools serving the 6-16 " "years age bracket. Today the system is in use in several countries around " "the world, with most installations in Norway, Spain, Germany and France." msgstr "" "这主要针对组群最初在挪威学校服务于6-16岁年龄组。现在这个系统在世界上若干国家" "使用，大多数安装在挪威，西班牙，德国和法国。"
2012年10月14日 星期日 06:22
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "Architecture" msgstr "构建" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "This section of the document describes the network architecture and services " "provided by a Skolelinux installation." msgstr "这部分文档讲述网络构建和Skolelinux安装提供的服务。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Network" msgstr "网络" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/Debian_Edu_Network_Squeeze.png" msgstr "./images/Debian_Edu_Network_Squeeze.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "The Debian Edu network topology" msgstr "Debian Edu 网络拓扑结构" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "The figure is a sketch of the assumed network topology. The default setup of " "a Skolelinux network assumes that there is one (and only one) main-server, " "while allowing the inclusion of both normal workstations and thin-client-" "servers (with associated thin-clients). The number of workstations can be as " "large or small as you want (starting from none to a lot). The same goes for " "the thin-client servers, each of which is on a separate network so that the " "traffic between the thin-clients and the thin-client server doesn't affect " "the rest of the network services." msgstr "" "该图是假设的网络拓扑结构草图。Skolelinux网络缺省设置为一台（且仅有一台）主服" "务器，同时留出包括漫游工作站和瘦客户机服务器（连接瘦客户机）这两者。工作站的" "数量可多可少（起始没有限制）。对于这些瘦客户机服务器，每一个都在分开的网络" "上，这样瘦客户机和瘦客户机服务器之间的流量不会影响网络服务的休眠。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "The reason that there can only be one main server in each school network is " "that the main server provides DHCP, and there can be only one machine doing " "so in each network. It is possible to move services from the main server to " "other machines by setting up the service on another machine, and " "subsequently updating the DNS-configuration, pointing the DNS alias for that " "service to the right computer." msgstr "" "由于在每个学校网络中可以仅有一台主服务器，是这个主服务器提供DHCP，这样每个网" "络那里可以仅有一台机器在工作。它是可以通过在另一机器上设置服务从主服务器转移" "到其它机器上，随后更新DNS配置，指向该服务的DNS别名到正确的计算机。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "In order to simplify the standard setup of Skolelinux, the Internet " "connection runs over a separate router. It is possible to set up Debian with " "both a modem and an ISDN connection; however, no attempt is made to make " "such a setup work out of the box for Skolelinux (the setup needed to adjust " "the default situation to this should be documented separately)." msgstr "" "规定简化Skolelinux标准设置，互联网连接运行在分开的路由上。它是可以用调制解调" "器和ISDN连接两者设置Debian；然而，不要尝试做改变以上Skolelinux开箱即用设置工" "作（这样的设置需要调整缺省状态，这应该提供分别的文档）。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "The default network setup" msgstr "缺省网络设置" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "DHCPD on Tjener serves the 10.0.0.0/8 network, providing a syslinux menu via " "PXE-boot where you can choose whether to install a new server/workstation, " "boot a thin client or a diskless workstation, run memtest, or boot from the " "local hard disk." msgstr "" "DHCPD在Tjener服务器的10.0.0.0/8网络，通过PXE-boot提供syslinux菜单，你可以选择" "是否安装新服务器/工作站，引导瘦客户机或无盘工作站，运行内存测试或者从本机硬盘" "引导。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "This is designed to be modified - that is, you can have the NFS-root in " "syslinux point to one of the LTSP servers or change next-server in DHCP to " "have clients directly boot via PXE from the terminal server." msgstr "" "这是改进的设计，那样你可以NFS-root在syslinux指向LTSP服务器之一或者更改为下一" "个。在DHCP通过PXE从终端服务器直接引导服务器到客户机。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "DHCPD on the LTSP servers only serves a dedicated 192.168.0.0/24 network on " "the second interface and should seldom need to be changed." msgstr "" "DHCPD在LTSP服务器上仅服务于第二个接口上的192.168.0.0/24网络，而且应当极少改" "动。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Main server (tjener)" msgstr "主服务器（tjener)" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "A Skolelinux network needs one main server (also called \"tjener\" which is " "Norwegian and means \"server\") which per default has the IP address " "10.0.2.2 and is installed by selecting the main server profile. It's " "possible (but not required) to also select and install the thin-client-" "server and workstation profiles in addition to the main server profile." msgstr "" "一个Skolelinux网络需要一个主服务器（亦称\"tjener\"，这是挪威语意为“服务器”）" "每个缺省IP地址10.0.2.2由选择主服务器安装项而安装。它也可以（但不依赖）选择安" "装瘦客户机服务器和工作站安装项加入主服务器安装内容。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Services running on the main server" msgstr "运行在主服务器上的服务" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "With the exception of the control of the thin-clients, all services are " "initially set up on one central computer (the main server). For performance " "reasons, the thin-client-server should be a separate machine (though it is " "possible to install both the main server and thin-client server profiles on " "the same machine). All services are allocated a dedicated DNS-name and are " "offered exclusively over IPv4. The allocated DNS name makes it easy to move " "individual services from the main-server to a different machine, by simply " "stopping the service on the main-server, and changing the DNS configuration " "to point to the new location of the service (which should be set up on that " "machine first, of course)." msgstr "" "除瘦客户机管理之外，所有服务最初设置于一个中央计算机（主服务器）。由于执行的" "原因，瘦客户机服务器应当是一个单独的机器（然而它是可以安装主服务器和瘦客户机" "服务器这两者于同一机器上）。所有服务分配一个专用DNS名而且是在IPv4上专有。分配" "DNS名让它容易移动个别的服务从主服务器到一个不同的机器，简单地由这个主服务器停" "止该服务和变更DNS配置来指向新服务位置（这个过程应该首先在那台机器上设置）。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "To ensure security all connections where passwords are transmitted over the " "network are encrypted, so no passwords are sent over the network as plain " "text." msgstr "" "出于安全原因，在所有连接处的密码在网络上是加密形式传输，如此就没有密码在网络" "上以明文传送。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Below is a table of the services that are set up by default in a Skolelinux " "network and the DNS name of each service. If possible all configuration " "files will refer to the service by name (without the domain name) thus " "making it easy for schools to change either their domain (if they have an " "own DNS domain) or the IP addresses they use." msgstr "" "下面的服务列表是一个Skolelinux网络的缺省设置和每个服务的DNS名称。如果可用所有" "配置文件涉及服务的名称（没有域名）这样做对于学校易于改变域（如果他们有一个自" "己的域名）或IP地址二者之一由他们使用。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\"> Table of services</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\"> 服务列表</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Service description</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">服务描述</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Common name</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">普通名称</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">DNS service name</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">DNS 服务名称</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Centralised Logging" msgstr "中央日志" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "rsyslog" msgstr "rsyslog" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "syslog" msgstr "syslog" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Domain Name Service" msgstr "域名服务" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "DNS (BIND)" msgstr "DNS (BIND)" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "domain" msgstr "domain" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Automatic Network Configuration of Machines" msgstr "机器自动网络设置" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "DHCP" msgstr "DHCP" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "bootps" msgstr "bootps" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Clock Synchronisation" msgstr "时钟同步" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "NTP" msgstr "NTP" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "ntp" msgstr "ntp" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Home Directories via Network File System" msgstr "经由网络文件系统的主目录" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "SMB / NFS" msgstr "SMB / NFS" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "homes" msgstr "homes" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Electronic Post Office" msgstr "电子邮局" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "IMAP/POP3 (Dovecot)" msgstr "IMAP/POP3 (Dovecot)" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "postoffice" msgstr "postoffice" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Directory Service" msgstr "用户名录服务" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "OpenLDAP" msgstr "OpenLDAP" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "ldap" msgstr "ldap" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "User Administration" msgstr "用户管理" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "GOsa²" msgstr "GOsa²" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "---" msgstr "---" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Web Server" msgstr "Web 服务器" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Apache/PHP" msgstr "Apache/PHP" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "www" msgstr "www" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Central Backup" msgstr "备份中心" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "sl-backup, slbackup-php" msgstr "sl-backup, slbackup-php" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "backup" msgstr "backup" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Web Cache" msgstr "Web缓存" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Proxy (Squid)" msgstr "Proxy (Squid)" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "webcache" msgstr "webcache" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Printing" msgstr "打印" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "CUPS" msgstr "CUPS" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "ipp" msgstr "ipp" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Secure Remote Login" msgstr "安全远程登录" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "OpenSSH" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "ssh" msgstr "ssh" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Automatic Configuration" msgstr "自动设置" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Cfengine" msgstr "Cfengine" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "cfengine" msgstr "cfengine" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "Thin Client Server/s" msgstr "瘦客户机服务器" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "LTSP" msgstr "LTSP" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "ltsp" msgstr "ltsp" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "Machine and Service Surveillance with Error Reporting, plus Status and " "History on the Web. Error Reporting by email" msgstr "机器和服务监控以及Web状态和历史错误报告。以电子邮件报告错误" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "munin, nagios and site-summary" msgstr "munin, nagios and site-summary" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Personal files for each user are stored in their home directories, which are " "made available by the server. Home directories are accessible from all " "machines, giving users access to the same files regardless of which machine " "they are using. The server is operating system agnostic, offering access via " "NFS for Unix clients, SMB for Windows and Macintosh clients." msgstr "" "每个用户的个人文件保存在他们的主目录中，这要用到服务器。主目录可以从所有机器" "访问，让用户存取相同文件不考虑他们所使用的机器。这个服务是操作系统不可见的，" "通过Unix客户端的NFS，Windows的SMB及Macintosh客户端提供存取。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "By default email is set up for local delivery (i.e. within the school) only, " "though email delivery to the wider Internet may be set up if the school has " "a permanent Internet connection. Mailing lists are set up based on the user " "database, giving each class their own mailing list. Clients are set up to " "deliver mail to the server (using 'smarthost'), and users can <link linkend=" "\"Users--Using_email\">access their personal mail</link> through either POP3 " "or IMAP." msgstr "" "对于缺省电子邮件是设置为仅在本地（例如学校范围内）投递，然而如果学校有长期的" "互联网连接，可以设置电子邮件投递到广域网。邮件列表是根据用户数据库设置的，给" "予他们自己邮件列表每一级别。客户端设置投递邮件到服务器（使用'smarthost'），并" "且用户可以通过POP3或者IMAP二者之一<link linkend=\"Users--Using_email\">存取他" "们的个人邮件</link>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "All services are accessible using the same username and password, thanks to " "the central user database for authentication and authorisation." msgstr "所有服务使用同一个用户名和密码，得益于中央用户数据库的证实和授权。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "To increase performance on frequently accessed sites a web proxy that caches " "files locally (Squid) is used. In conjunction with blocking web-traffic in " "the router this also enables control of Internet access on individual " "machines." msgstr "" "Web代理增加经常访问站点的性能，贮存文件在本地（Squid）使用。在路由上连接阻塞" "的Web流量，这也可以做到在单独的机器上访问互联网监控。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Network configuration on the clients is done automatically using DHCP. " "Normal clients are allocated IP addresses in the private subnet 10.0.0.0/8, " "while thin clients are connected to the corresponding thin-client-server via " "the separate subnet 192.168.0.0/24 (this is to ensure that the network " "traffic of the thin clients doesn't interfere with the rest of the network " "services)." msgstr "" "使用DHCP自动完成客户端的网络配置。常规客户端在私有子网10.0.0.0/8中分配IP地" "址，同时瘦客户机通过分开的子网192.168.0.0/24连接到相符的瘦客户机服务器（这是" "保证瘦客户机的网络流量不干扰网络服务的休眠）。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Centralised logging is set up so that all machines send their syslog " "messages to the server. The syslog service is set up so that it only accepts " "incoming messages from the local network." msgstr "" "中央日志是设置以使所有机器传送它们的系统日志信息到服务器。系统日志服务器设置" "为仅接收来自本地网络的信息。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "By default the DNS server is set up with a domain for internal use only (*." "intern), until a real (\"external\") DNS domain can be set up. The DNS " "server is set up as caching DNS server so that all machines on the network " "can use it as the main DNS Server." msgstr "" "对于缺省DNS服务器设置成仅为内部使用的域（*.intern），直到一个真实的（“外部" "的”）DNS域可以设置之时。DNS服务器设置为贮存DNS服务器，为的是所有机器在网络上" "可以使用它作为主DNS服务器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Pupils and teachers have the ability to publish websites. The web server " "provides mechanisms for authenticating users, and for limiting access to " "individual pages and subdirectories to certain users and groups. Users will " "have the ability to create dynamic web pages, as the web server will be " "programmable on the server side." msgstr "" "学生和教师能够制作公开的网站。这个Web服务器对认证用户提供结构，并对确定的用户" "和组限制访问独立的页面和子目录。用户有能力制作有影响力的网页，作为Web服务器将" "编排在服务器一方。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Information on users and machines can be changed in one central location, " "and is made accessible to all computers on the network automatically. To " "achieve this a centralised directory server is set up. The directory will " "have information on users, user groups, machines, and groups of machines. To " "avoid user confusion there won't be any difference between file groups, " "mailing lists, and network groups. This implies that groups of machines " "which are to form network groups will use the same namespace as user groups " "and mailing lists." msgstr "" "用户和机器信息能在一个控制位置变化，并可自动进入网络上的所有计算机。这个控制" "目录服务设置完成。这个目录将有用户，用户组，机器和机器组的信息。避免用户的混" "乱，文件组，邮件列表和网络组之间没有任何差异。这意为机器组是以网络组形式来使" "用一个名称空间作为用户组和邮件列表。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Administration of services and users will mainly be via the web, and follow " "established standards, functioning well in the web browsers which are part " "of Skolelinux. The delegation of certain tasks to individual users or user " "groups will be made possible by the administration systems." msgstr "" "服务和用户的管理将主要通过Web，随后确定标准，是Skolelinux在Web浏览器中好用功" "能的一部分。个别用户或用户组将能够以这个管理系统作为某项任务的代表。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "In order to avoid certain problems with NFS, and to make it simpler to debug " "problems, the different machines need synchronised clocks. To achieve this " "the Skolelinux server is set up as a local Network Time Protocol (NTP) " "server, and all workstations and clients are set up to synchronise with the " "server. The server itself should synchronise its clock via NTP against " "machines on the Internet, thus ensuring the whole network has the correct " "time." msgstr "" "为了避免NFS的某些难题，并较为简单地修正这些难题，不同的机器需要同步时钟。" "Skolelinux服务器完成作为一个本地网络时间协议(NTP)服务器的设置，所有工作站和客" "户端设置与服务器同步。这个服务器自己将通过网络上的NTP上游机器同步它的时钟，这" "样保证整个网络的时间准确。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Printers are connected where convenient, either directly onto the network, " "or connected to a server, workstation or thin-client-server. Access to " "printers can be controlled for individual users according to the groups they " "belong to; this will be achieved by using quota and access control for " "printers." msgstr "" "省事的打印机连接，直接置于网络上或者连接到一个服务器，工作站或瘦客户机服务器" "之一。对个别用户根据他们所属的组可以控制对打印机的访问；这将获得对打印机的使" "用配额和访问控制。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "LTSP server(s) (Thin client server(s))" msgstr "LTSP服务器（瘦客户机服务器）" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "A Skolelinux network can have many LTSP servers (also called thin client " "servers), which are installed by selecting the LTSP server profile." msgstr "" "一个Skolelinux网络可以有多个LTSP服务器（亦称瘦客户机服务器），是由选择LTSP服" "务器安装项来安装的。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The thin client servers are set up to receive syslog from the thin clients, " "and forward these messages to the central syslog recipient." msgstr "" "瘦客户机服务器设置为接收来自瘦客户机的系统日志，这些信息向前到管理系统日志接" "收者。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Thin clients" msgstr "瘦客户机" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "A thin client setup enables ordinary PCs to function as (X-)terminals. This " "means that the machine boots from a diskette or directly from the server " "using network-PROM (or PXE) without using the local client hard drive. The " "thin client setup used is that of the Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)." msgstr "" "瘦客户机可设置普通PC机具有(X-)终端的功能。这一方法让那台机器从软盘引导或者直" "接从服务器使用network-PROM (或PXE)而不使用本地端硬盘。瘦客户机设置使用Linux终" "端服务器方案(LTSP)。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Thin clients are a good way to make use of older, weaker machines as they " "effectively run all programs on the LTSP server. This works as follows: the " "service uses DHCP and TFTP to connect to the network and boot from the " "network. Next, the file system is mounted via NFS from the LTSP server, and " "finally the X Window System is started. The display manager (LDM) connects " "to the LTSP server via SSH with X-forwarding. This way all data is encrypted " "on the network. For very old thin clients which are too slow for the " "encryption this can be set to the behavior from former versions, which is to " "use a direct X connection via XDMCP." msgstr "" "瘦客户机是利用较旧机器的好方法，较低配置的机器有效地在LTSP服务器上运行所有程" "序。随后的工作：服务器使用DHCP和TFTP连接到网络并从网络引导。接下来通过来自" "LTSP服务器的NFS挂载文件系统，最后启动X窗口系统。显示管理以X-前端通过SSH连接到" "LTSP服务器。网络上这个通路的所有数据是加密形式。对于很旧的瘦客户机迟缓的加密" "形式，可以设置为先前版本的工作方式，通过XDMCP直接使用X连接。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Diskless workstations" msgstr "无盘工作站" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "For diskless workstations the terms \"stateless workstations\", \"lowfat " "clients\" or \"half-thick clients\" are also used. For the sake of clarity " "this manual sticks to the term \"diskless workstations\"." msgstr "" "对无盘工作站也使用的说法是“stateless工作站”，“lowfat客户端“或”half-thick客户" "端“。为了清晰起见，这个手册统称之为”无盘工作站“。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "A diskless workstation runs all software on the PC without a locally " "installed operating system. This means that client machines boot directly " "from the server's hard drive without running software installed on a local " "hard drive." msgstr "" "无盘工作站在PC机上运行所有软件而没有在本地机安装操作系统。这意味着客户机器直" "接从服务器硬盘引导，运行的软件没有安装在本地硬盘。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Diskless workstations are an excellent way of reusing newer hardware with " "the same low maintenance cost as with thin clients. Software is administered " "and maintained on the server with no need for local installed software on " "the clients. Home directories and system settings are stored on the server " "too." msgstr "" "无盘工作站是一个以瘦客户机相同的低维护成本来使用较新硬件的极佳方法。在服务器" "上管理和维护软件而无需在客户机本地安装软件。主目录和系统设置也贮存在服务器" "上。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Diskless workstations were introduced as part of the Linux Terminal Server " "Project (LTSP) with version 5.0." msgstr "无盘工作站采用作为Linux终端服务器方案的一部分，为5.0版。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Networked clients" msgstr "网络客户端" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The term \"networked clients\" is used in this manual to refer to both thin " "clients and diskless workstations, as well as computers running Mac OS or " "Windows." msgstr "" "所谓”网络客户端“是用于本手册中提到的瘦客户机和无盘工作站两者，而且运行着Mac " "OS 或者Windows的计算机。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Administration" msgstr "管理" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "All the Linux machines that are installed by means of a Skolelinux CD or DVD " "will be administrable from a central computer, most likely the server. It " "will be possible to log in to all machines via SSH, and thereby have full " "access to the machines." msgstr "" "以Skolelinux CD或DVD方式安装的所有Linux机器，将从一个中心计算机得到管理，最适" "合服务器。它将可以通过SSH登录所有机器，从而完全访问这些机器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "We use cfengine to edit configuration files. These files are updated from " "the server to the clients. In order to change the client configuration, it " "suffices to edit the server configuration and let the automation distribute " "the changes." msgstr "" "我们使用cfengine来编辑配置文件。这些文件从服务器到客户端更新。根据客户端配置" "的变化，它满足编辑服务器配置并允许自动发布这些变更。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "All user information is kept in an LDAP directory. Updates of user accounts " "are made against this database, which is used by the clients for user " "authentication." msgstr "" "所有用户信息保留在一个LDAP目录中。用户账户的更新抵补这个数据库，使用客户端对" "用户证实。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Installation" msgstr "安装" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Currently there are two types of installation media: netinst CD and multi-" "arch DVD. Both types can also be booted from USB sticks." msgstr "" "当期有两种类型的安装媒体：网络安装CD和多架构DVD。两种类型也都可以从U盘引导。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The aim is to be able to install a server from a CD/DVD type medium once, " "and install all other clients over the network by booting from the network." msgstr "" "其目的是能仅一次以CD/DVD类型媒体来安装一个服务器，并通过网络引导来安装网络上" "的其他所有客户端。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "The DVD installation works without access to the Internet." msgstr "DVD安装不用访问互联网。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The installation should not ask any questions, with the exception of desired " "language (e.g. Norwegian Bokmal, Nynorsk, Sami) and machine profile (server, " "workstation, thin client server). All other configuration will be set up " "automatically with reasonable values, to be changed from a central location " "by the system administrator subsequent to the installation." msgstr "" "安装将不询问任何问题，除了想要的语言（例如Norwegian Bokmal, Nynorsk, Sami）和" "机器的用途（服务器，工作站，瘦客户机服务器）之外。其他配置将自动设置以合理的" "值，安装之后以系统管理员从中心位置来变更。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "File system access configuration" msgstr "文件系统访问配置" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Each Skolelinux user account is assigned a section of the file system on the " "file server. This section (home directory) contains the user's configuration " "files, documents, email and web pages. Some of the files should be set to " "have read access for other users on the system, some should be readable by " "everyone on the Internet, and some should not be accessible for reading by " "anyone but the user." msgstr "" "每个Skolelinux使用者账户在文件服务器上分配文件系统的一部分。这部分（主目录）" "包含用户配置文件，文档，邮件和网页。系统上的一些文件需要设置为其他用户可读，" "一些需要每个人在互联网上易读，一些则需要除用户之外的任何人不能读取。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "To ensure that all disks that are used for user directories or shared " "directories can be uniquely named across all the computers in the " "installation, they can be mounted as <computeroutput>/skole/host/directory/</" "computeroutput>. Initially, one directory is created on the file server, " "<computeroutput>/skole/tjener/home0/</computeroutput>, in which all the user " "accounts are created. More directories may then be created when needed to " "accommodate particular user groups or particular patterns of usage." msgstr "" "保证在安装时为用户目录或共享目录而使用的所有磁盘跨越所有计算机可以唯一命名，" "它们可以挂载为<computeroutput>/skole/host/directory/</computeroutput>。首先，" "在文件系统上创建一个目录<computeroutput>/skole/tjener/home0/</" "computeroutput>，其中创建所有使用者账户。应该创建更多的目录需要提供个别的用户" "组或个别的习惯方式。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "To enable shared access to files under the normal UNIX permissions system, " "users need to be in supplementary shared groups (such as \"students\") as " "well as the personal primary group that they're in by default. If users have " "an appropriate umask to make newly created items group-accessible (002 or " "007), and if the directories they're working in are setgid to ensure the " "files inherit the correct group-ownership, the result is controlled file " "sharing between the members of a group." msgstr "" "能够在通常的UNIX准许系统下共享访问文件，用户需要添加到共享组中（诸如" "\"students\"）而且它们是缺省的个人的最初组。如果用户有一个合适的umask来新近创" "建组权限项（002或007），并且如果目录是以setgid工作来确保文件继承修改组属，其" "效果是组成员之间共享文件控制权。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The initial access settings for newly created files are a matter of policy. " "The Debian default umask is 022 (which would not allow group-access as " "described above), but Debian Edu uses a default of 002 - meaning that files " "are created with read access for everybody, which can later be removed by " "explicit user action. This can alternatively be changed (by editing " "<computeroutput>/etc/pam.d/common-session</computeroutput>) to a umask of " "007 - meaning read access is initially blocked, necessitating user action to " "make them accessible. The first approach encourages knowledge sharing, and " "makes the system more transparent, whereas the second method decreases the " "risk of unwanted spreading of sensitive information. The problem with the " "first solution is that it is not apparent to the users that the material " "they create will be accessible to all other users. They can only detect this " "by inspecting other users' directories and seeing that their files are " "readable. The problem with the second solution is that few people are likely " "to make their files accessible, even if they do not contain sensitive " "information and the content would be helpful to inquisitive users who want " "to learn how others have solved particular problems (typically configuration " "issues)." msgstr "" "对新近创建文件的最初权限设置是一个方针问题。Debian缺省umask为022（不允许组存" "取为前文所述），但Debian Edu缺省使用002-意味着创建的文件为所有人可读，可以移" "除是明确的用户行为。这可以选择改变（编辑<computeroutput>/etc/pam.d/common-" "session</computeroutput>）umask为007-意味着读权限最初被禁止，需要用户做可访问" "的工作。这首先近于鼓励懂得分享，并使系统更透明，鉴于第二个方法降低不想要的敏" "感信息传播的危险。这难题首先解决不明显使用者资料的创建将为所有其他用户访问。" "他们仅能发现查看其他用户目录和看他们的文件是可读的。这个难题第二解决很少人可" "能设置他们的文件为可读，甚至它们不含有敏感信息和内容要有益的调查想要学习怎样" "解决其他个别难题（典型的配置发布）。"
2012年11月05日 星期一 00:40
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "Requirements" msgstr "需求" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "There are different ways of setting up a Skolelinux solution. It can be " "installed on just one standalone PC, or as a region-wide solution at many " "schools operated centrally. This flexibility makes a huge difference to the " "configuration of network components, servers and client machines." msgstr "" "一个Skolelinux方案有不同的设置方法。可以仅在一个独立PC机上安装，或作为许多学" "校中心控制的广泛方案。这灵活地设置差异极大的网络组件，服务器和客户机的配置。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Hardware requirements" msgstr "硬件需求" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "The purpose of the different profiles is explained in the <link linkend=" "\"Architecture\">network architecture</link> chapter." msgstr "" "不同目的安装内容在<link linkend=\"Architecture\">网络构建</link>章节讲解。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "The computers running Debian Edu / Skolelinux must have either i386 or amd64 " "processors." msgstr "运行Debian Edu / Skolelinux的计算机得有i386或amd64两者之一的处理器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Thin client servers need two network cards when using the default network " "architecture:" msgstr "瘦客户机服务器当使用缺省网络结构时需要两块网卡：" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "eth0 is connected to the main network (10.0.0.0/8)," msgstr "eth0连接到主网（10.0.0.0/8），" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "eth1 is used for serving the thin-clients (192.168.0.0/24) ." msgstr "eth1用于为瘦客户机提供服务（192.168.0.0/24）。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Consider 2 GB RAM for 30 clients and 4 GB RAM for 50-60 clients." msgstr "考虑2G内存用于30个客户端和4G内存用于50-60客户端。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Disk space requirements depend on profiles used, but any disk larger than 15 " "GiB will be sufficient for a workstation or standalone installation, 20 Gib " "for a thin-client server and at least 30 GiB on the main server. As usual " "with disk space on a main-server, it's \"the bigger the better\"." msgstr "" "磁盘空间需求依赖于应用的内容，但任何大于15G对于工作站或独立安装是充裕的，对于" "瘦客户机服务器是20G，而在主服务器最少在30G。一个主服务器上的磁盘空间通常是“越" "大越好”。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Thin clients can run on as low as 64 MiB RAM and 133 MHz processor, though " "128 MiB RAM and somewhat faster processors are recommended." msgstr "" "瘦客户机可以运行在低于64M内存和133MHz处理器，虽然建议128M内存和相当快的处理" "器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "For running Iceweasel/Firefox and OpenOffice.org, 128 MiB RAM is a minimum " "requirement." msgstr "为运行Iceweasel/Firefox和OpenOffice.org，128M内存是最低需求。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "For workstations, diskless workstations and standalone PCs, 800 MHz, 256 MiB " "RAM are minimum requirements, though 512 or 1024 MiB RAM will perform " "considerably better. Just a faster CPU will speed things up." msgstr "" "对于工作站，无盘工作站和独立PC机最低需求是800MHz，258M内存，虽然512或1024M内" "存将运行得更好。合理的较快处理器将工作快速。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Swapping over the network is automatically enabled; the swap size is 32 MiB, " "and if you need more you can tune this by editing /etc/ltsp/nbdswapd.conf on " "tjener to set the SIZE variable. Please <emphasis>tune up the swap size</" "emphasis> either locally on the PC or on the server." msgstr "" "可以自动获得网络上的交换空间；交换空间大小为32M，如果你需要更多，可以编辑/" "etc/ltsp/nbdswapd.conf在tjener设置SIZE变化来调整它。请在本地PC或服务器这二者" "之一调整交换空间大小。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "If your diskless workstations have hard drives, it is recommended to use " "them for swap as it is a lot faster than network swapping." msgstr "" "如果你的无盘工作站有硬盘，推荐使用它作交换空间，那样要比网络交换空间快。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "On workstations with little RAM the spell checker can cause OpenOffice.org " "to hang if the swap space is too small. Then the system administrator has to " "disable the spell checker on OpenOffice.org or students have to kill " "OpenOffice.org, resulting in loss of work. Enabling at least 512 MiB swap on " "a 256 MiB RAM workstation solves this, and the spell checker runs smoothly." msgstr "" "在内存小而且交换空间也小的工作站可能由于OpenOffice.org拼写检查而挂起。此时系" "统管理员关闭OpenOffice.org的拼写检查或学生终止运行OpenOffice.org，结果不利于" "工作。在256M内存工作站上可用最小512M交换空间解决，拼写检查运行平稳。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Laptops have the same requirements as for workstations since they are just " "movable workstations." msgstr "笔记本用于工作站直至仅为移动工作站有同样的需求。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Hardware known to work" msgstr "获知可工作硬件" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "A list of tested hardware is provided at <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/" "DebianEdu/Hardware/\"/> . This list is not nearly complete" msgstr "" "在<ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Hardware/\"/>可以获得硬件测试" "列表。这个列表不很完全。" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/smile.png" msgstr "./images/smile.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid ":)" msgstr ":)" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn\"/> is an effort to " "document how to install, configure and use Debian on some specific hardware, " "allowing potential buyers to know if that hardware is supported and existing " "owners to know how get the best out of that hardware." msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn\"/>是一个如何安装的有" "用文档，在一些确定硬件上设置和使用Debian，让潜在的购买者知道硬件的支持和存" "在，知道如何获得最好用的硬件。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "An excellent database of hardware supported by Debian is online at <ulink " "url=\"http://kmuto.jp/debian/hcl/\"/>." msgstr "" "一个很好的在线Debian所支持硬件的数据库在<ulink url=\"http://kmuto.jp/debian/" "hcl/\"/>。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "Requirements for network setup" msgstr "网络设置需求" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Default Setup" msgstr "缺省设置" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "When using the default network architecture, these rules apply:" msgstr "当使用缺省的网络结构，适用这些规则：" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "You need exactly one main server, the tjener." msgstr "你需要一个正确的服务器，tjener" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "You can have up to 50 (diskless) workstations on the main network." msgstr "你可以在主网上拥有50台（无盘）工作站。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "You can have up to 20 LTSP servers on the main network." msgstr "你可在主网上设20台LTSP服务器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "You can have hundreds of thin clients and/or diskless workstations on each " "LTSP server network." msgstr "你可在每个LTSP服务器网络上设数百瘦客户机和/或无盘工作站。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "You can have hundreds of other machines which will have dynamic IP addresses " "assigned." msgstr "你有充裕的IP地址可以分配给其他数百台机器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "For access to the Internet you need a router/gateway (see below)." msgstr "为访问互联网，你需要一个路由/网关（阅读下面）" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Internet router" msgstr "互联网路由" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "A router/gateway, connected to the Internet on the external interface and " "running on the IP address 10.0.0.1 with netmask 255.0.0.0 on the internal " "interface, is needed to connect to the Internet." msgstr "" "路由/网关连接外部接口的互联网和运行在IP地址为10.0.0.1网络掩码为255.0.0.0的内" "部接口，需要连接到互联网。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "The router should not run a DHCP server, it can run a DNS server, though " "this is not needed and will not be used." msgstr "" "路由不应该运行DHCP服务器，它可以运行DNS服务器，虽然这不需要也不会使用。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "If you are looking for a router firewall solution capable of running on an " "old PC, we recommend <ulink url=\"http://www.ipcop.org\">IPCop</ulink> or " "<ulink url=\"http://www.zelow.no/floppyfw\">floppyfw</ulink>." msgstr "" "如果你希望能够在一个旧PC上运行路由防火墙方案，我们推荐<ulink url=\"http://" "www.ipcop.org\">IPCop</ulink>或者<ulink url=\"http://www.zelow.no/floppyfw" "\">floppyfw</ulink>。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "If you need something for an embedded router or accesspoint we recommend " "using <ulink url=\"http://openwrt.org\">OpenWRT</ulink>, though of course " "you can also use the original firmware. Using the original firmware is " "easier; using OpenWRT gives you more choices and control. Check the OpenWRT " "webpages for a list of <ulink url=\"http://wiki.openwrt.org/TableOfHardware" "\">supported hardware</ulink>." msgstr "" "如果你需要某功能的嵌入路由或节点，我们推荐使用<ulink url=\"http://openwrt.org" "\">OpenWRT</ulink>,虽然你也可以使用最初的固件。使用最初固件较容易；使用" "OpenWRT让你有更多选择和管理权。点击OpenWRT<ulink url=\"http://wiki.openwrt." "org/TableOfHardware\">硬件支持</ulink>列表网页。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "It is possible to use a different network setup (there is a <ulink url=" "\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/ChangeIpSubnet\">documented " "procedure</ulink> to do this), but if you are not forced to do this by an " "existing network infrastructure, we recommend against doing so and recommend " "you stay with the default <link linkend=\"Architecture\">network " "architecture</link>." msgstr "" "这可以使用不同的网络设置（那里是<ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/" "DebianEdu/HowTo/ChangeIpSubnet\">步骤文档</ulink>提到这），但如果你不强行对一" "个存在的网络基础结构这么做，我们建议不做改变并推荐你保留缺省网络结构。"
2012年11月24日 星期六 11:09
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "Installation and download options" msgstr "安装和下载选项" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Where to find additional information" msgstr "在哪里找到附加信息" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "We recommend that you read or at least take a look at the <ulink url=" "\"http://www.debian.org/releases/squeeze/releasenotes\">release notes for " "Debian Squeeze</ulink> before you start installing a system for production " "use. Please give Debian Edu/Skolelinux a try, it should just work." msgstr "" "我们建议你在开始安装一个实用的系统之前，阅读或至少看一下<ulink url=\"http://" "www.debian.org/releases/squeeze/releasenotes\">Debian Squeeze发行注记</" "ulink>。请给 Debian Edu/Skolelinux 一个尝试，它会正确工作。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid ":-)" msgstr ":-)" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/alert.png" msgstr "./images/alert.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "/!\\" msgstr "/!\\" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Be sure to read the <link linkend=\"GettingStarted\">getting started</link> " "chapter of this manual, though, as it explains how to log in for the first " "time." msgstr "" "确定阅读本手册的 <link linkend=\"GettingStarted\">起步</link> 章节，尽管它是" "讲解如何第一次登录。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Even more information about the Debian Squeeze release is available in its " "<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/squeeze/installmanual" "\">installation manual</ulink>." msgstr "" "还有更多关于 Debian Squeeze 发行的信息可以在<ulink url=\"http://www.debian." "org/releases/squeeze/installmanual\">安装手册</ulink> 中获得。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "" "Download the installation media for Debian Edu 6.0.4+r0 Codename \"Squeeze\"" msgstr "下载 Debian Edu 6.0.4+r0 代号 \"Squeeze\"安装媒体" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "DVD for i386, amd64" msgstr "i386和amd64 DVD" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The multi-architecture DVD ISO image is 4.4 GiB large and can be used for " "installation of amd64 and i386 machines. It can be downloaded over FTP, HTTP " "or rsync via:" msgstr "" "多架构 DVD ISO 镜像大小是 4.4G，可用于安装 amd64 和 i386 机器。它可以通过" "FTP, HTTP 或 rsync 下载：" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<ulink url=\"ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD." "iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD.iso</ulink>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD." "iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD.iso</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD." "iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD.iso</ulink>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD." "iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD.iso</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<computeroutput>rsync ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "DVD.iso debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD.iso</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>rsync ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "DVD.iso debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-DVD.iso</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "CD for i386, amd64" msgstr "i386 和 amd64 CD" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The netinstall CD, which can be used for installation of i386 and amd64 as " "well, is available via" msgstr "网络安装 CD，可用于 i386 和 amd64 的安装，而且同样获取方法" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<ulink url=\"ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD." "iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD.iso</ulink>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD." "iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD.iso</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD." "iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD.iso</ulink>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD." "iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD.iso</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<computeroutput>rsync ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "CD.iso debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD.iso</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>rsync ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "CD.iso debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-CD.iso</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Source DVD" msgstr "源代码 DVD" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "The sources are available via" msgstr "获取源代码" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<ulink url=\"ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "source-DVD.iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-source-DVD.iso</ulink>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"ftp://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "source-DVD.iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-source-DVD.iso</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "source-DVD.iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-source-DVD.iso</ulink>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "source-DVD.iso\">debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-source-DVD.iso</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "<computeroutput>rsync ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "source-DVD.iso debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-source-DVD.iso</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>rsync ftp.skolelinux.org::skolelinux-cd/debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-" "source-DVD.iso debian-edu-6.0.4+r0-source-DVD.iso</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Request a CD/DVD by mail" msgstr "通过邮件获得 CD/DVD" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "For those without a fast Internet connection, we can offer a CD or DVD sent " "for the cost of the CD or DVD and shipping. Just send an email to <ulink url=" "\"mailto:cd@skolelinux.no\">cd@skolelinux.no</ulink> and we will discuss the " "payment details (for shipping and media)" msgstr "" "对于没有快速互联网连接，我们可以提供以 CD 或 DVD 价格和运费的 CD 或 DVD 投" "递。正确寄送电子邮件到 <ulink url=\"mailto:cd@skolelinux.no\">cd@skolelinux." "no</ulink> 我们会商谈费用细目（运输和媒体）" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Remember to include the address you want the CD or DVD to be sent to in the " "email." msgstr "别忘了在投递的邮件中包括地址和你需要的 CD 或 DVD。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Installing Debian Edu" msgstr "安装 Debian Edu" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "When you do a Debian Edu installation, you have a few options to choose " "from. Don't be afraid; there aren't many. We have done a good job of hiding " "the complexity of Debian during the installation and beyond. However, Debian " "Edu is Debian, and if you want there are more than 15,000 packages to choose " "from and a billion configuration options. For the majority of our users, our " "defaults should be fine." msgstr "" "当你在安装 Debian Edu 时，有一些选项供你选择。不必担心，那并没有许多。幸好我" "们隐藏了 Debian 安装过程中及其后的复杂性。Debian Edu 毕竟是 Debian，你如需" "要，有超过一万五千个软件包可从其中选择，以及亿万的设置选项。为了我们大多数的" "使用者，我们需要高质量的默认设置。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Select type of installation" msgstr "选择安装类型" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/01-Installer_boot_menu.png" msgstr "./images/01-Installer_boot_menu.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "Installer boot menu" msgstr "安装引导菜单" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Install</emphasis> is the default text mode " "installation on i386 and amd64." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Install</emphasis> 是 i386 和 amd64 缺省文本模式安" "装。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit install</emphasis> does an amd64 text-mode " "install." msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit install</emphasis> 64位文本模式安装。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Graphical install</emphasis> uses the GTK " "installer where you can use the mouse." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Graphical install</emphasis> 使用 GTK 安装时，你可" "以使用鼠标。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit graphical install</emphasis> uses the amd64 " "GTK installer where you can use the mouse." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit graphical install</emphasis> 使用64位 GTK 安" "装时，你可以使用鼠标。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Advanced options ></emphasis> gives a sub menu " "with more detailed options to choose" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Advanced options ></emphasis> 给出子菜单列出更多" "选项来选择" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Help</emphasis> gives some hints on using the " "installer" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Help</emphasis> 给出一些提示用于安装" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/Installer_advanced_options_a.png" msgstr "./images/Installer_advanced_options_a.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "Installer advanced options screen 1" msgstr "安装进阶选项屏幕 1" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Back..</emphasis> brings back to the main menu." msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Back..</emphasis> 返回主菜单。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Expert install</emphasis> gives access to all " "available questions in text mode." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Expert install</emphasis> 给出所有涉及问题的文本模" "式。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Rescue mode</emphasis> makes this install medium " "become a rescue disk for emergency tasks." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Rescue mode</emphasis> 安装媒体为紧急任务而作为一个" "救援盘。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Automated install</emphasis> needs a preseed file." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Automated install</emphasis> 需要一个 preseed 文" "件。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit expert install</emphasis> gives access to " "all available questions in text mode on amd64." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit expert install</emphasis> 给出所有可用到问题" "的64位文本模式。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit rescue mode</emphasis> makes this install " "medium become a rescue disk for emergency tasks on amd64." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit rescue mode</emphasis> 安装媒体为紧急任务而" "形成一个64位救援盘。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit automated install</emphasis> needs a " "preseed file." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit automated install</emphasis> 需要 preseed 文" "件。" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/Installer_advanced_options_b.png" msgstr "./images/Installer_advanced_options_b.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "Installer advanced options screen 2" msgstr "安装进阶选项屏幕2" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Graphical expert install</emphasis> gives access " "to all available questions in graphical mode." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Graphical expert install</emphasis> 给出所有可用问" "题的图形模式。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Graphical rescue mode</emphasis> makes this " "install medium become a rescue disk for emergency tasks with a graphical GTK " "look." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Graphical rescue mode</emphasis> 安装媒体为紧急任务" "而产生一个可视的 GTK 图形救援盘。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Graphical automated install</emphasis> needs a " "preseed file." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Graphical automated install</emphasis> 需要一个 " "preseed 文件。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit graphical expert install</emphasis> gives " "access to all available questions in graphical mode on amd64." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit graphical expert install</emphasis> 给出所有" "可用问题的64位图形模式。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit graphical rescue mode</emphasis> makes this " "install medium become a rescue disk for emergency tasks on amd64 with a " "graphical GTK look." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit graphical rescue mode</emphasis> 安装媒体为" "紧急任务而形成一个64位 GTK 可视化图形的救援盘。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit graphical automated install</emphasis> " "needs a preseed file." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">64 bit graphical automated install</emphasis> 需要" "一个 preseed 文件。" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/Installer_help.png" msgstr "./images/Installer_help.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "Installer help screen" msgstr "安装帮助屏幕" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><informaltable><tgroup><tbody><row><entry><para> msgid "" "This Help screen is self explaining and enables the <F>-keys on the " "keyboard for getting more detailed help on the topics described." msgstr "" "这个帮助屏幕是自我解释，可用键盘上的 <F>-键得到更多条目叙述的逐条帮助。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "Additional boot parameters for installations" msgstr "为安装添加引导参数" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "On i386/amd64, boot options can be edited by pressing the TAB key in the " "boot menu." msgstr "i386/adm64 的引导选项可以通过在引导菜单键入 TAB 键来编辑。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "The multi-architecture DVD defaults to using amd64-installgui on 64-bit x86 " "machines, and installgui on 32-bit x86 machines." msgstr "" "多架构 DVD 缺省在64位 x86 机器上使用 amd64-图形安装，而在32位 x86 机器上图形" "安装。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "If you want to boot the amd64 text mode with the multi-architecture DVD, " "that would be <computeroutput>amd64-install</computeroutput>." msgstr "" "如果你想用多架构 DVD 引导 amd64 文本模式，应该是 <computeroutput>amd64-" "install</computeroutput>。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Likewise you can choose <computeroutput>amd64-expertgui</computeroutput> to " "get the GUI version on amd64." msgstr "" "同样，你可以选择 <computeroutput>amd64-expertgui</computeroutput> 来获得 " "amd64 GUI 版。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "If you want to boot the i386 mode with the multi-arch DVD on an amd64 " "machine you need to manually select <computeroutput>install</computeroutput> " "(text mode) or <computeroutput>expertgui</computeroutput> (graphical mode)." msgstr "" "如果你想以多架构 DVD 在64位机器上引导 i386 模式，你需要手工选择 " "<computeroutput>install</computeroutput> （文本模式）或 " "<computeroutput>expertgui</computeroutput>（图形模式）。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "You can use an existing HTTP proxy service on the network to speed up the " "installation of the main server profile from CD. Add <computeroutput>mirror/" "http/proxy=http://10.0.2.2:3128/</computeroutput> as an additional boot " "parameter." msgstr "" "你可以使用一个在网络上存在的 HTTP 缓存服务来加速从 CD 的主服务器项目的安装。" "加入 <computeroutput>mirror/http/proxy=http://10.0.2.2:3128/</" "computeroutput> 作为一个附加引导参数。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "If you have already installed the main server profile on a machine, further " "installations should be done via PXE, as this will automatically use the " "proxy of the main server." msgstr "" "如果你已有一台安装主服务器项目的机器，后续安装应该通过 PXE，这将自动使用主服" "务器的缓存。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "To install the <emphasis role=\"strong\">GNOME</emphasis> desktop instead of " "the <emphasis role=\"strong\">KDE</emphasis> desktop, add " "<computeroutput>desktop=gnome</computeroutput> to the kernel boot " "parameters. This option is only available when installing from CD, not when " "installing from DVD." msgstr "" "安装 <emphasis role=\"strong\">GNOME</emphasis> 桌面来代替 <emphasis role=" "\"strong\">KDE</emphasis> 桌面，加入 <computeroutput>desktop=gnome</" "computeroutput> 到内核引导参数。这个选项仅用于从 CD 安装，不用在从 DVD 安装。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "To install the <emphasis role=\"strong\">LXDE</emphasis> desktop instead, " "add <computeroutput>desktop=lxde</computeroutput> to the kernel boot " "parameters. This option is only available when installing from CD, not when " "installing from DVD." msgstr "" "更换安装 <emphasis role=\"strong\">LXDE</emphasis> 桌面，添加 " "<computeroutput>desktop=lxde</computeroutput> 到内核引导参数。这个选项仅用于" "从 CD 安装，不用在从 DVD 安装。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "The installation process" msgstr "安装过程" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Remember the <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/" "Squeeze/Requirements\">system requirements</ulink> and make sure you have at " "least two network cards (NICs) if you plan on setting up a thin client " "server." msgstr "" "如果你计划设置瘦客户机服务器，记得 <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/" "DebianEdu/Documentation/Squeeze/Requirements\">系统需求</ulink> 确定你最少有" "两块网卡 (NICs) 。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Choose a language (for the installation and the installed system)" msgstr "选择语言（为安装和安装后的系统）" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Choose a location which normally should be the location where you live." msgstr "选择地区，通常应该是你生活的地方。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Choose a keyboard keymap (the country's default is usually fine)" msgstr "选择键盘布局（通常适用国家缺省值）" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Choose profile(s) from the following list:" msgstr "从以下列表中选择项目：" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Main-Server</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">主服务器</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "This is the main server (tjener) for your school providing all services pre-" "configured to work out of the box. You must only install one main server per " "school! This profile does not include a graphical user interface. If you " "want a graphical user interface, then select Workstation or Thin-Client-" "Server in addition to this one." msgstr "" "这是为你的学校提供开箱即用的所有预先配置的主服务器 (tjener) 。你仅需每个学校" "安装一个主服务器！这个项目不包含图形用户界面。如果你需要一个图形用户界面，在" "这时增加选择工作站或者瘦客户机服务器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Workstation</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">工作站</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "A computer booting from its local hard drive, and running all software and " "devices locally like an ordinary computer, except that user logins are " "authenticated by the main server, where the users' files and desktop profile " "are stored." msgstr "" "从本地硬件引导启动计算机，运行所有程序，本地设备类似一台普通的计算机，但使用" "者登录需要主服务器来确认，并储存使用者的文件和桌面内容。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Roaming workstation</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">移动工作站</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Same as workstation but capable of authentication using cached credentials, " "meaning it can be used outside the school network. The users' files and " "profiles are stored on the local disk. Notebooks and laptops should select " "this profile and not 'Workstation' or 'Standalone' as suggested in earlier " "releases." msgstr "" "如同以上工作站，但使用贮藏证书验证功能，亦可在学校网络之外使用。使用者的文件" "和项目保存在本地磁盘中。笔记本电脑将选择该安装项目而非“工作站”或“独立主机”，" "亦于先前发行版中建议使用。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Thin-Client-Server</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">瘦客户机服务器</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "A thin client (and diskless workstation) server, also called a LTSP server. " "Clients without hard drives boot and run software from this server. This " "computer needs two network cards, a lot of memory, and ideally more than one " "processor or core. See the chapter about <link linkend=\"NetworkClients" "\">networked clients</link> for more information on this subject. Choosing " "this profile also enables the workstation profile (even if it is not " "selected) - a thin client server can always be used as a workstation, too." msgstr "" "痩客户机（和无盘工作站）服务器同样呼叫 LTSP 服务器。痩客户机不以硬件驱动引导" "而是从该服务器运行程序。这台计算机需要两块网卡和大量的内存，适宜更多的处理" "器。参看关于<link linkend=\"NetworkClients\">网络客户端</link> 的章节，获得这" "一主题的更多信息。选取该安装项目同时也开启工作站项目（即使并没有选择“工作" "站”选项），一台痩客户机服务器也一直可以如同工作站使用。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Standalone</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">独立主机</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "An ordinary computer that can function without a main server (that is, it " "doesn't need to be on the network). Includes laptops." msgstr "" "一台普通计算机，在没有主服务器（不需要在网络上）即可工作。无需进入网络的机" "器，如笔记本电脑。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Minimal</emphasis>" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">最小安装</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "This profile will install the base packages and configure the machine to " "integrate into the Debian Edu network, but without any services and " "applications. It is useful as a platform for single services manually moved " "out from the main-server." msgstr "" "该选项将安装基本软件包并配置计算机不以任何服务和应用来融入 Debian Edu 网络，" "是手工自主服务器转移简单服务的应用平台。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "The <emphasis role=\"strong\">Main Server</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"strong" "\">Workstation</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">Thin Client Server</" "emphasis> profiles are preselected. These profiles can be installed on one " "machine together if you want to install a so called <emphasis>combined main " "server</emphasis>. This means the main server will be a thin client server " "and also be used as a workstation. This is the default choice, since we " "assume most people will install <link linkend=\"Installation--" "Installation_over_the_network_.28PXE.29_and_booting_diskless_clients\">via " "PXE</link> afterwards. Please note that you must have 2 network cards " "installed in a machine which is going to be installed as a combined main " "server or as a thin client server to become usefull after the installation." msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">主服务器</emphasis>，<emphasis role=\"strong\">工作" "站</emphasis> 和 <emphasis role=\"strong\">瘦客户机服务器</emphasis> 安装项为" "预先选择。这些内容可以一同安装在一台机器上，如果你想安装一个称作 <emphasis>组" "合主服务器</emphasis>。这意味主服务器将是一个瘦客户机服务器也用作工作站。这是" "缺省选择，我们一直假设之后多数人将 <link linkend=\"Installation--" "Installation_over_the_network_.28PXE.29_and_booting_diskless_clients\">通过 " "PXE</link> 安装。请记住在一台机器上你需要装有两块网卡用来安装作为之后实用的组" "合主服务器或者瘦客户机服务器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Say \"yes\" or \"no\" to automatic partitioning. Be aware that saying \"yes" "\" will destroy all data on the hard drives! Saying \"no\" on the other hand " "will require more work - you will need to make sure that the required " "partitions are created and are big enough." msgstr "" "回答 \"yes\" 或 \"no\" 对于自动分区。要知道选择“是”将清除硬盘上的所有数据！选" "择“否”将需要更多其他的手工工作 - 你将需要确定所需充裕空间的分区创建工作。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Please say \"yes\" to submitting information to <ulink url=\"http://popcon." "skolelinux.org/\"/> to allow us to know which packages are popular and " "should be kept for future releases. Although you don't have to, it is a " "simple way for you to help." msgstr "" "请选择“是”来提交信息到 <ulink url=\"http://popcon.skolelinux.org/\"/> 使我们" "知道软件包的流行度以致下一发行版。以这种简单的方式得到你的协助" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Wait. If the selected profiles include Thin-client-server then the installer " "will spend quite some time at the end, \"Finishing the installation - " "Running debian-edu-profile-udeb...\"" msgstr "" "等待。如果瘦客户机服务器包括在所选安装项目中，在最后安装过程将耗费一段时" "间，“完成安装 - 运行 debian-edu-profile-udeb...”" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Be happy" msgstr "祝愉快" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Notes on some characteristics" msgstr "一些有代表性的说明" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "A note on notebooks" msgstr "笔记本的说明" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Most likely you will want to use the 'Roaming workstation' profile (see " "above). Be aware that all data is stored locally (so take some extra care " "over backups) and login credentials are cached (so after a password change, " "logins may require your old password if you have not connected your laptop " "to the network and logged in with the new password)." msgstr "" "很可能你需要使用“移动工作站”项目（参看前文）。要清楚所有数据保存在本地计算机" "中（也就是说格外费心对备份的关注）和登录证书的贮存（亦即如果你的笔记本未连接" "到网络时以旧密码登录并记录变更密码后的新密码）。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "A note on DVD installs" msgstr "DVD 安装的说明" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "After you install from a DVD, <computeroutput>/etc/apt/sources.list</" "computeroutput> will only contain sources from the DVD. If you have an " "Internet connection, we strongly suggest adding the following lines to it so " "that available security updates can be installed:" msgstr "" "你从 DVD 安装之后，<computeroutput>/etc/apt/sources.list</computeroutput> 将" "仅有 DVD 的软件源。如果你有网络连接，我们强烈建议增添以下数行，如此可以获得安" "装（安全）更新：" #. type: CDATA #, no-wrap msgid "" "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main \n" "deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main \n" "deb http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux squeeze local]]" msgstr "" "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze main \n" "deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main \n" "deb http://ftp.skolelinux.org/skolelinux squeeze local]]" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The DVD only works with KDE desktop installations. If you want to install " "other desktop options, use the netinst images or PXE installation." msgstr "" "DVD 仅安装 KDE 桌面。如果你想要安装其他桌面选项，使用网络安装镜像或者 PXE 安" "装。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "A note on CD installs" msgstr "CD 安装说明" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "A netinst installation (which is the type of installation our CD provides) " "will fetch some packages from the CD and the rest from the net. The amount " "of packages fetched from the net varies from profile to profile:" msgstr "" "网络安装（由我们的 CD 提供这一安装类型）将从 CD 获取若干软件包，而其余的软件" "包从网络下载。所获取的软件包数目取决于网络内容的变化：" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "FIXME Check these numbers for Squeeze. They are 2012-01-22 for Lenny." msgstr "FIXME 检查在于 Squeeze 的数字。这是对于 2012-01-22 Lenny 的。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Main server: 8 out of 115 MiB downloaded." msgstr "主服务器：已下载 115 Mib 中的 8 Mib。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Main server and Thin client server: 618 of 1082 MiB downloaded." msgstr "主服务器和瘦客户机服务器：已下载 1082 Mib 中的 618 Mib。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Main server and Workstation: 618 of 1081 MiB downloaded." msgstr "主服务器和工作站：已下载 1081 Mib 中的 618 Mib" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Thin client server: 618 of 1052 MiB downloaded." msgstr "瘦客户机服务器：已下载 1052 Mib 中的 618 Mib。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Workstation: 618 of 1051 MiB downloaded." msgstr "工作站：已下载 1051 Mib 中的 618 Mib。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Standalone: 618 of 1020 MiB downloaded." msgstr "独立主机：已下载 1020 Mib 中的 618 Mib。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "Minimal: 12 of 83 MiB downloaded." msgstr "最小安装：已下载 83 Mib 中的 12 Mib。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "A note on some RAID controllers" msgstr "一些 RAID controllers 的说明" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "When using a USB drive to add missing firmware during install, with some " "RAID-controllers GRUB is installed to the USB drive. So a reboot after " "installation results in a GRUB error. A workaround for this problem is to " "remove the USB drive after the firmware is loaded, and preferably before " "partitioning starts." msgstr "" "安装期间以 USB 设备加载未获得的固件时，若干 RAID-controllers 将 GRUB 安装到 " "USB 设备上。如此安装后重新引导将产生 GRUB 错误。 解决此问题的灵活方法是在加载" "固件之后移除 USB 设备，最好是在启动分区程序之前。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "More information is available in <ulink url=\"http://bugs.skolelinux.org/" "show_bug.cgi?id=1395\">Debian-Edu bug #1395</ulink> and Debian bug <ulink " "url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/516280#\">516280</ulink>." msgstr "" "更多信息请参看 <ulink url=\"http://bugs.skolelinux.org/show_bug.cgi?" "id=1395\">Debian-Edu bug #1395</ulink> 和 Debian bug <ulink url=\"http://" "bugs.debian.org/516280#\">516280</ulink>。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "A note on thin-client-server installations" msgstr "瘦客户机服务器安装说明" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "First of all, this profile name is confusing for historic reasons. Currently " "this profile actually installs an LTSP server environment for thin-clients " "and for workstations. Debian bug <ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/588510#" "\">588510</ulink> has been filed to change the name of the profile into a " "better suited one." msgstr "" "首先，这个内容的名称历史由来让人迷惑。当前该内容实际上为瘦客户机和工作站安装" "一个 LTSP 服务器环境。Debian bug <ulink url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/588510#" "\">588510</ulink> 提交变更该内容更合适的名称。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Providing the kernel boot parameter <computeroutput>edu-skip-ltsp-make-" "client</computeroutput> makes it possible to skip the step which converts " "the LTSP chroot from a thin-client chroot into a combined thin-client/" "diskless workstation chroot." msgstr "" "提供内核引导惨素 <computeroutput>edu-skip-ltsp-make-client</computeroutput> " "可以跳过变更 LTSP chroot 自一个瘦客户机 chroot 为组合瘦客户机/无盘工作站 " "chroot 的设置。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "This is useful in certain situations, such as if you want a pure thin client " "chroot or if there is already a diskless chroot on another server, which can " "be rsynced. For these situations skipping this step will cut down the " "installation time considerably." msgstr "" "这是由于确定的状况，如果你像上面想要一个单纯的瘦客户机 chroot 或是如果已经在" "另一服务器上无盘 chroot，可以同步。对于这些情况跳过这个设置将缩短很多安装时" "间。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Except for the longer installation time there is no harm in always creating " "combined chroots, which is why this is done by default." msgstr "" "除了较长的安装时间之外，其在创建组合 chroot 总没有坏处，这是为何其为缺省设" "置。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Installation using USB sticks instead of CD/DVDs" msgstr "以 USB记忆棒代替 CD/DVD 安装" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Since the Squeeze release it is possible to directly copy the CD/DVD " "<computeroutput>.iso</computeroutput> images to a USB stick and boot from " "them. Simply execute a command like this, just adapting the file and device " "names to your needs:" msgstr "" "从 Squeeze 释出版开始，可以通过简单复制 CD/DVD <computeroutput>.iso</" "computeroutput> 镜像文件到 USB记忆棒并以之引导。类似以下的简单命令，请正确选" "择所需设备文件名：" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "<computeroutput>sudo dd if=debian-edu-amd64-i386-XXX.iso of=/dev/sdX " "bs=1024</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>sudo dd if=debian-edu-amd64-i386-XXX.iso of=/dev/sdX " "bs=1024</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Depending on which image you choose, the USB stick will behave just like a " "CD or DVD." msgstr "根据所选镜像，USB记忆棒将犹如 CD 或 DVD。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Installation over the network (PXE) and booting diskless clients" msgstr "网络安装 (PXE) 和引导无盘客户端" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "For this installation method it is required that you have a running main " "server. When clients boot via the main network, a new PXE menu with " "installer and boot selection options is displayed. If PXE installation fails " "with an error message claiming a XXX.bin file is missing, then most probably " "the client's network card requires nonfree firmware. In this case the Debian " "Installer's initrd must be modified. This can be achieved by executing the " "command: <computeroutput>/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware " "</computeroutput> on the server." msgstr "" "对于这种安装方法有赖于你有一个运行中的主服务器。当客户机通过主网引导时，呈现" "一个新的安装和引导 PXE 菜单。如果 PXE 安装失败有一个错误信息需要一个缺失的 " "XXX.bin 文件，最可能是客户机网卡需要非自由固件。在这个问题中 Debian 安装程序" "的 initrd 需要改进。这能在服务器上执行命令： <computeroutput>/usr/share/" "debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware </computeroutput> 得以实现。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "This is how the PXE menu looks with the <emphasis role=\"strong\">Main-" "Server</emphasis> profile only:" msgstr "" "这看到的是仅有 <emphasis role=\"strong\">主服务器</emphasis> 项的 PXE 菜单：" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/pxe-tjener.png" msgstr "./images/pxe-tjener.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "pxe-tjener.png" msgstr "pxe-tjener.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "This is how the PXE menu looks with the <emphasis role=\"strong\">Main-" "Server</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"strong\">Thin-Client-Server</" "emphasis> profiles:" msgstr "" "这看到的是有 <emphasis role=\"strong\">主服务器</emphasis> 和 <emphasis role=" "\"strong\">瘦客户机服务器</emphasis> 项的 PXE 菜单：" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/28-Diskless-WS-GRUB_Boot_menu-PXE.png" msgstr "./images/28-Diskless-WS-GRUB_Boot_menu-PXE.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "28-Diskless-WS-GRUB_Boot_menu-PXE.png" msgstr "28-Diskless-WS-GRUB_Boot_menu-PXE.png" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "This setup also allows diskless workstations and thin clients to be booted " "on the main network. Diskless workstations must be added with GOsa² just " "like normal workstations or thin client servers." msgstr "" "这个设置也允许无盘工作站和瘦客户机在主网上引导。无盘工作站需要以 GOsa² 添加仅" "类似普通工作站或者瘦客户机服务器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "More information about network clients can be found in the <link linkend=" "\"NetworkClients\">Network clients HowTo</link> chapter." msgstr "" "更多有关网络客户端的信息可以在 <link linkend=\"NetworkClients\">网络客户端</" "link> 章节找到。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "Modifying PXE installations" msgstr "改进 PXE 安装" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The PXE installation uses a debian-installer preseed file, which can be " "modified to ask for more packages to install." msgstr "" "PXE 安装使用一个 debian-installer preseed 文件，可以改进对于安装更多软件包的" "询问。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "A line like the following needs to be added to <computeroutput>tjener:/etc/" "debian-edu/www/debian-edu-install.dat</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "类似下面的一行需要添加到 <computeroutput>tjener:/etc/debian-edu/www/debian-" "edu-install.dat</computeroutput>" #. type: CDATA #, no-wrap msgid "d-i pkgsel/include string my-extra-package(s)]]" msgstr "d-i pkgsel/include string my-extra-package(s)]]" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The PXE installation uses <computeroutput>/var/lib/tftpboot/debian-edu/" "install.cfg</computeroutput> and the preseeding file in <computeroutput>/etc/" "debian-edu/www/debian-edu-install.dat</computeroutput>. These files can be " "changed to adjust the preseeding used during installation, to avoid more " "questions when installing over the net. Another way to achieve this is to " "provide extra settings in <computeroutput>/etc/debian-edu/pxeinstall.conf</" "computeroutput> and <computeroutput>/etc/debian-edu/www/debian-edu-install." "dat.local</computeroutput> and to run <computeroutput>/usr/sbin/debian-edu-" "pxeinstall</computeroutput> to update the generated files." msgstr "" "PXE 安装使用 <computeroutput>/var/lib/tftpboot/debian-edu/install.cfg</" "computeroutput> 和 <computeroutput>/etc/debian-edu/www/debian-edu-install." "dat</computeroutput> 中的 preseeding 文件。这些文件可以在安装期间变更 " "preseeding 安排使用，在网上安装时避免更多提问。另一个方法实现这个是在 " "<computeroutput>/etc/debian-edu/pxeinstall.conf</computeroutput> 和 " "<computeroutput>/etc/debian-edu/www/debian-edu-install.dat.local</" "computeroutput> 中提供的附加设置并运行 <computeroutput>/usr/sbin/debian-edu-" "pxeinstall</computeroutput> 来更新生成的文件。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Further information can be found in the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/" "releases/squeeze/installmanual\">manual of the Debian Installer</ulink>." msgstr "" "更多信息可以在 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/squeeze/" "installmanual\">Debian 安装手册</ulink> 中找到。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "To disable or change the use of the proxy when installing via PXE, the lines " "containing <computeroutput>mirror/http/proxy</computeroutput>, " "<computeroutput>mirror/ftp/proxy</computeroutput> and " "<computeroutput>preseed/early_command</computeroutput> in " "<computeroutput>tjener:/etc/debian-edu/www/debian-edu-install.dat </" "computeroutput> need to be changed. To disable the use of a proxy when " "installing, put '#' in front of the first two lines, and remove the " "\"<computeroutput>export xhttp_proxy=\"http://webcache:3128\"; </" "computeroutput>\" part from the last one." msgstr "" "禁止或改变在通过 PXE 安装时使用代理，在 <computeroutput>tjener:/etc/debian-" "edu/www/debian-edu-install.dat </computeroutput> 中包含的 " "<computeroutput>mirror/http/proxy</computeroutput>，<computeroutput>mirror/" "ftp/proxy</computeroutput> 和 <computeroutput>preseed/early_command</" "computeroutput> 几行需要改变。安装时禁止使用代理，在开始两行的前面加 '#' ，并" "删除其后的 \"<computeroutput>export xhttp_proxy=\"http://webcache:3128\"; </" "computeroutput>\" 部分。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Some settings can not be preseeded because they are needed before the " "preseeding file is downloaded. These are configured in the PXElinux-based " "boot arguments available from <computeroutput>/var/lib/tftproot/debian-edu/" "install.cfg</computeroutput>. Language, keyboard layout and desktop are " "examples of such settings." msgstr "" "一些设置由于需要在 preseeding 文件之前下载而不可用。这些配置在 PXElinux-" "based 引导主题可从 <computeroutput>/var/lib/tftproot/debian-edu/install.cfg</" "computeroutput> 得到。语言，键盘布局和桌面是以上设置的示例。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Custom CD/DVDs" msgstr "定制 CD/DVDs" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Creating custom CDs or DVDs can be quite easy since we use the <ulink url=" "\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/\">debian installer</ulink>, which " "has a modular design and other nice features. <ulink url=\"http://wiki." "debian.org/DebianInstaller/Preseed\">Preseeding</ulink> allows you to define " "answers to the questions normally asked." msgstr "" "自从我们使用 <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/\">debian 安" "装程序</ulink> 以来，创建定制 CD 或 DVD 标准设置和其他友好特性可以相当容易。" "preseeding 允许你定义回答普通询问问题。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "So all you need to do is to create a preseeding file with your answers (this " "is described in the appendix of the debian installer manual) and <ulink url=" "\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/Modify/CD\">remaster the CD/DVD</" "ulink>." msgstr "" "那样你所有需要做的是以你的回答问题来创建一个 preseeding 文件（这个在 debian " "安装手册附录中讲解）和 <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/" "Modify/CD\">remaster the CD/DVD</ulink>。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Screenshot tour" msgstr "屏幕快照观览" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "The text mode and the graphical installation are functionally identical - " "only the appearance is different. The graphical mode offers the opportunity " "to use a mouse, and of course looks much nicer and more modern. Unless the " "hardware has trouble with the graphical mode, there is no reason not to use " "it." msgstr "" "文本模式和图形安装的功能相同 - 只是外观不同。图形模式提供使用鼠标的条件，很多" "友好和新式的可视化过程。除非硬件不便使用图形模式，那么没有理由不用它。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "So here is a screenshot tour through a graphical Main-Server + Workstation + " "Thin Client Server installation and how it looks at the first boot of the " "tjener, a PXE boot on the workstation network and on the thinclient network:" msgstr "" "这里是通过图形安装主服务器+工作站+瘦客户机服务器的屏幕快照观览，看到如何首先" "引导 tjener，工作站网络和瘦客户机网络上 PXE 引导。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "01-Installer_boot_menu.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/02-select_a_language.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid 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<article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/20-Finish_the_Installation.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "20-Finish_the_Installation.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/21-Finish_the_Installation-Installation_complete.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "21-Finish_the_Installation-Installation_complete.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/22-Tjener_GRUB_boot_menu.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "22-Tjener_GRUB_boot_menu.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/23-Tjener-KDM_Login.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "23-Tjener-KDM_Login.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/24-Tjener-KDE_Start.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "24-Tjener-KDE_Start.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/26-Tjener-KDE_Desktop_Browser.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "26-Tjener-KDE_Desktop_Browser.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/27-Tjener-KDE_Desktop.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "27-Tjener-KDE_Desktop.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/29-Diskless-WS-KDM_Login.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "29-Diskless-WS-KDM_Login.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/30-ThinClient-LDM_Login.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "30-ThinClient-LDM_Login.png" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/31-ThinClient-KDE_Desktop.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "31-ThinClient-KDE_Desktop.png" msgstr ""
2012年12月09日 星期日 15:01
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title>
msgid "Getting started"
msgstr "起步"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title>
msgid "Minimum steps to get started"
msgstr "起步的最低程度设置"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"During installation of the main server a first user account was created. In "
"the following text this account will be referenced as \"first user\". The "
"first user can use <computeroutput>sudo</computeroutput> to become root."
msgstr ""
"第一个用户账户在主服务器安装时创建。在下面的文字中提到的“第一个用户”就是这个"
"账户。第一个用户可以使用 <computeroutput>sudo</computeroutput> 成为 root。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"After the installation, the first things you need to do as first user are:"
msgstr "安装之后，首先想到你需要第一个用户做的是："
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Log into the server - with the root account you cannot log in graphically."
msgstr "登录服务器 - 以 root 账户你不能在图形中登录。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Add users with GOsa²"
msgstr "以 GOsa² 添加用户"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Add workstations with GOsa²"
msgstr "以 GOsa² 添加工作站"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Adding users and workstations is described in detail below, so please read "
"this chapter completely. It covers how to perform these minumum steps "
"correctly as well, as other stuff that everybody will probably need to do."
msgstr ""
"添加用户和工作站在下面细节讲解，请完整阅读这一章。它涉及如何正确做最低限度的"
"设置，而且几乎是任何人将要做的。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The <link linkend=\"HowTo\">HowTo</link> chapter covers more tips and tricks "
"and some frequently asked questions."
msgstr ""
"<link linkend=\"HowTo\">HowTo</link> 章节涉及更多提示和技巧以及一些经常问及的"
"问题。"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/getting-started-desktop.png"
msgstr "./images/getting-started-desktop.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "Debian Edu desktop"
msgstr "Debian Edu 桌面"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"There are several services running on the main server which can be managed "
"via a web management interface. We'll describe each service below."
msgstr ""
"可以通过 web 管理界面管理运行在主服务器上的一些列服务。我们将在下面讲解每一种"
"服务。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title>
msgid "Introduction to GOsa²"
msgstr "GOsa² 简介"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"GOsa² is a web based management tool that helps to manage some important "
"parts of your Debian Edu setup. With GOsa² you can manage (add, modify, or "
"delete) these main groups:"
msgstr ""
"GOsa² 是一个 web 基本管理工具帮助管理你的 Debian Edu 设置的一些重要部分。用 "
"GOsa² 你可以管理（添加，修改，或删除）这些主要类别："
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Group Administration"
msgstr "组管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "NIS Netgroup Administrator"
msgstr "NIS Netgroup 管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Machine Administration"
msgstr "机器管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "DNS Administration"
msgstr "DNS 管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "DHCP Administration"
msgstr "DHCP 管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For GOsa² access you need the Skolelinux main server and a (client) system "
"with a web browser installed which can be the main server itself if it was "
"installed as a so called combined server (main server + thin client server + "
"workstation). If all of the mentioned before is not available, see: <link "
"linkend=\"Administration--Installing_a_graphical_environment_on_the_main-"
"server_to_use_GOsa.2BALI-\">Installing a graphical environment on the main-"
"server to use GOsa²</link>."
msgstr ""
"对于 GOsa² 访问你需要 Skolelinux 主服务器和一个有 web 浏览器的（客户）系统，"
"这可以由主服务器它自己如果是称为组合服务器（主服务器+瘦客户机服务器+工作站）"
"安装。如果所有之前提到的内容不能用，请看： <link linkend=\"Administration--"
"Installing_a_graphical_environment_on_the_main-server_to_use_GOsa.2BALI-\">在"
"主服务器上安装图形环境来使用 GOsa²</link>。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"From a web browser use the URL <ulink url=\"https://www/gosa\"/> for GOsa² "
"access, and log in as the first user."
msgstr ""
"从 web 浏览器用 URL <ulink url=\"https://www/gosa\"/> 来访问 GOsa²，并作为第"
"一个用户登录。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"If you are using a new Debian Edu Squeeze machine, the site certificate will "
"be known by the browser."
msgstr "如果你使用新的 Debian Edu Squeeze 机器，浏览器将知道站点证书。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Otherwise, you will get an error message about the SSL certificate being "
"wrong. If you know you are alone on your network, just tell the browser to "
"accept it and ignore that."
msgstr ""
"不然，你将得到关于 SSL 证书不正确的错误信息。如果你知道是单独在你的网络上，仅"
"告诉浏览器接受它并忽略那个信息。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For general information on GOsa² have a look at: <ulink url=\"https://oss."
"gonicus.de/labs/gosa/wiki/documentation\"/>."
msgstr ""
"对于 GOsa² 上的一般信息请看： <ulink url=\"https://oss.gonicus.de/labs/gosa/"
"wiki/documentation\"/>。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title>
msgid "GOsa² Login plus Overview"
msgstr "GOsa² 登录和观览"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/gosa2_overview.png"
msgstr "./images/gosa2_overview.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "GOsa² overview page after login as the first user"
msgstr "以第一个用户登录 GOsa² 之后的综览页面"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid "After logging in to GOsa² you will see the overview page of GOsa²."
msgstr "登录 GOsa² 之后你将看到 GOsa² 的综览页面"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Next, you can choose a task in the menu or click any of the task icons on "
"the overview page. For navigation, we recommend using the menu on the left "
"side of the screen, as it will stay visible there on all administration "
"pages offered by GOsa²."
msgstr ""
"接下来，你可以在菜单中选择一个任务或者在这个综览页面里点击任何任务图标。为了"
"导航，我们建议使用屏幕左侧的菜单，它将是在 GOsa² 提供的所有管理页面中总是可以"
"看到的。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"In Debian Edu, account, group, and system information is stored in an LDAP "
"directory. This data is used not only by the main server, but also by the "
"(diskless) workstations, the thin client servers and the Windows machines on "
"the network. With LDAP, account information about students, pupils, "
"teachers, etc. only needs to be entered once. After information has been "
"provided in LDAP, the information will be available to all systems on the "
"whole Skolelinux network."
msgstr ""
"在 Debian Edu 中，账户，组和系统信息保存在一个 LDAP 目录里。这个数据不仅主服"
"务器使用，而且也用在（无盘）工作站，瘦客户机服务器和这个网络上的 Windows 机"
"器。用 LDAP，有关学生和教师等的账户信息仅需要输入一次。之后信息由 LDAP 提供，"
"这个信息将可以为整个 Skolelinux 网络中的所有系统使用。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"GOsa² is an administration tool that uses LDAP to store its information and "
"provide a hierarchical department structure. To each \"department\" you can "
"add user accounts, groups, systems, netgroups, etc. Depending on the "
"structure of your institution, you can use the department structure in GOsa²/"
"LDAP to transfer your organisational structure into the LDAP data tree of "
"the Debian Edu main server."
msgstr ""
"GOsa² 是一个使用 LDAP 保存它的信息和提供按等级划分部门体系的管理工具。每个“部"
"门”你可以添加用户，组，系统，网络组，等等。视你的机构结构，你可以使用在 "
"GOsa²/LDAP 中部门系统调动你的组织结构进入 Debian Edu 主服务器的 LDAP 数据树。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A default Debian Edu main server installation currently provides two "
"\"departments\": Teachers and Students, plus the base level of the LDAP "
"tree. Student accounts are intended to be added to the \"Students\" "
"department, teachers to the \"Teachers\" department; systems (servers, "
"Skolelinux workstations, Windows machines, etc.) are currently added to the "
"base level. Find your own scheme for customising this structure."
msgstr ""
"一个缺省的 Debian Edu 主服务器安装当前提供两个“部门”：教师和学生，以及 LDAP "
"树的基本层面。学生账户设计为添加到“学生”部门，教师到“教师”部门；系统（服务"
"器，Skolelinux 工作站，Windows 机器等）现在添加到基本层面。找到你自己定制这个"
"结构的方案。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Depending on the task that you want to work on (manage users, manage groups, "
"manage systems, etc.) GOsa² presents you with a different view on the "
"selected department (or the base level)."
msgstr ""
"视你需要的工作任务而定（管理用户，组和系统等） GOsa² 给你选择部门（或基本层"
"面）以不同的界面。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title>
msgid "User Management with GOsa²"
msgstr "用 GOsa² 管理用户"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"First, click on \"Users\" in the left navigation menu. The right side of the "
"screen will change to show a table with department folders for \"Students\" "
"and \"Teachers\" and the account of the GOsa² Super-Administrator (the first "
"created user). Above this table you can see a field called <emphasis>Base</"
"emphasis> that allows you to navigate through your tree structure (move your "
"mouse over that area and a drop-down menu will appear) and to select a base "
"folder for your intended operations (e.g. adding a new user)."
msgstr ""
"首先，单击左侧导航菜单中的“用户”。屏幕右侧将变化呈现一个“学生”和“教师”及 "
"GOsa² 超级管理者（第一个创建的用户）账户的部门类别文件夹表单。上述表单你可以"
"看到一个称作 <emphasis>Base</emphasis> 的区域，让你通过你的树状结构（在这个范"
"围上面移动你的鼠标将呈现一个下拉菜单）来导航并为你想要的操作（例如添加新用"
"户）选择一个基本文件夹。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title>
msgid "Adding users"
msgstr "添加用户"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Next to that tree navigation item you can see the \"Actions\" menu. Move "
"your mouse over this item and a submenu appears on screen; choose \"Create\" "
"here, and then \"User\". You will be guided by the user creation wizard."
msgstr ""
"接下来这个树状导航条目中你可以看到 \"Actions\" 菜单。在这个条目上面移动你的鼠"
"标，一个子菜单呈现在屏幕上；选择那里的 \"Create\" 和其后的 \"User\"。你将以用"
"户创建魔术师的指导。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The most important thing to add is the template (newstudent or newteacher) "
"and the full name of your user (see image)."
msgstr ""
"最重要的事是把你的用户的全名添加到这个模板（新学生或新教师）。（参看图片）"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"As you follow the wizard, you will see that GOsa² generates a username "
"automatically based on the real name. It automatically chooses a username "
"that doesn't exist yet, so multiple users with the same full name are not a "
"problem. Note that GOsa² can generate invalid usernames if the full name "
"contains non-ASCII characters."
msgstr ""
"你跟随魔术师，你将看到 GOsa² 根据实名自动创建一个用户名。它自动选择一个尚不存"
"在的用户名，那样多类用户有相同的全名就不是一个难题。注意如果全名中包含非 "
"ASCII 字符那 GOsa² 可能创建无效的用户名。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"If you don't like the generated username you can select another username "
"offered in the drop-down box, but you do not have a free choice here in the "
"wizard. (Username generation can be customized in <computeroutput>/etc/gosa/"
"gosa.conf</computeroutput>, changing e.g. the default entry "
"<computeroutput>idGenerator=\"{%givenName[3-6]}{%sn[3-6]}\"</computeroutput> "
"to <computeroutput>idGenerator=\"{%givenName[1]}{%sn[22]}{id!2}\"</"
"computeroutput> would generate the username <computeroutput>pmuster</"
"computeroutput> for a user \"Peter Muster\" and <computeroutput>pmuster01</"
"computeroutput> for the next user with the same full name. The maximum "
"length for usernames in this case would be 25; see <computeroutput>man 5 "
"gosa.conf</computeroutput> for more details. Backup gosa.conf before editing "
"it!)"
msgstr ""
"如果你不喜欢创建的用户名你可以选择在下拉盒中提供的另一个用户名，但你在魔术师"
"那里没有自由的选择。（用户名的创建可以在 <computeroutput>/etc/gosa/gosa."
"conf</computeroutput> 中定制，变更例如缺省条目 <computeroutput>idGenerator="
"\"{%givenName[3-6]}{%sn[3-6]}\"</computeroutput> 为 "
"<computeroutput>idGenerator=\"{%givenName[1]}{%sn[22]}{id!2}\"</"
"computeroutput> 要为一个 \"Peter Muster\" 用户创建用户名 "
"<computeroutput>pmuster</computeroutput> 和为下一个相同全名用户创建 "
"<computeroutput>pmuster01</computeroutput>。在这个例子中的用户名最多是 25 "
"个；更多细节参看 <computeroutput>man 5 gosa.conf</computeroutput>。编辑 gosa."
"conf 前备份它。）"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"When the wizard has finished, you are presented with the GOsa² screen for "
"your new user object. Use the tabs at the top to check the completed fields."
msgstr ""
"当魔术师完成，你在 GOsa² 屏幕为你的新用户对象授权。在上部使用表单检查全部区"
"域。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"After you have created the user (no need to customise fields the wizard has "
"left empty for now), click on the \"Ok\" button in the bottom-right corner."
msgstr ""
"你创建用户之后（现在不需要定制魔术师左侧空白区域），点击右下角的 \"Ok\" 按"
"钮。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"As the last step GOsa² will ask for a password for the new user. Type that "
"in twice and then click \"Set password\" in the bottom-right corner."
msgstr ""
"作为 GOsa² 最后的设置将询问新用户的密码。键入两次并在此时点击右下角的 \"Set "
"password\"。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If all went well, you can now see the new user in the user list table. You "
"should now be able to log in with that username on any Skolelinux machine "
"within your network."
msgstr ""
"如果所有都满意，你现在可以检视在用户列表中的新用户。你现在应该可以在你的网络"
"内的任何 Skolelinux 机器用那个用户名来登录。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Please note:</emphasis> If Squeeze/r0 was used to "
"install the main server, all user passwords exept that one for the first "
"user will expire in only 2 days. To fix this, please execute the following "
"script in a terminal. This script is included in r1."
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">请注意：</emphasis> 如果是用 Squeeze/r0 来安装主服"
"务器，对于第一个用户免除所有用户密码将在 2 天期满。为修正这个，请在终端中执行"
"下面的脚本。这个脚本包含在 r1 中。"
#. type: CDATA
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#!/bin/bash\n"
" #\n"
" # /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/password-fix-squeeze-r0\n"
" #\n"
" # Fix password expiring after 2 days (#664596) incorrectly introduced\n"
" # in Debian Edu Squeeze up to r0; for new users the password will\n"
" # never expire. For existing users this will be the case after they've\n"
" # changed their password. Give old users the chance to change the\n"
" # password, exclude not affected accounts: templates and first user.\n"
" #\n"
" for i in $(getent passwd | grep home0 | egrep -v 'newteacher|newstudent|:1000:1000:' | cut -d: -f1) ; do\n"
" kadmin.local -q \"modprinc -pwexpire 7000days $i\"\n"
" done\n"
" kadmin.local -q \"modpol -maxlife 0secs users\"]]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title>
msgid "Search, modify and delete users"
msgstr "搜索，修改和删除用户"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/filterbox.png"
msgstr "./images/filterbox.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "Filterbox"
msgstr "过滤器"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To modify or delete a user, use GOsa² to browse the list of users on your "
"system. On the very right of the screen you will find the \"Filter\" box, a "
"search tool provided by GOsa². If you don't know the exact location of your "
"user account in your tree, change to the base level of the GOsa²/LDAP tree "
"and search there with the option marked \"[x] Search in subtrees\"."
msgstr ""
"修改或删除用户，在你的系统中使用 GOsa² 浏览用户列表。在屏幕最右侧你将发现 "
"\"Filter\" box，一个由 GOsa² 提供的搜索工具。如果你不知道你的用户账户在你的树"
"状结构中的准确位置，改变到 GOsa²/LDAP 树基本层面并以选项 \"[x] Search in "
"subtrees\" 搜索那里。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"When using the \"Filter\" box, results will immediately appear in the middle "
"of the text in the table list view. Every line represents a user account and "
"the items farthest to the right on each line are little icons that provide "
"actions for you: edit, lock, set password, restore snapshot (greyed out if "
"no snapshot was taken before), take snapshot and delete."
msgstr ""
"当使用 \"Filter\" box 时，结果将立刻呈现在查看表格的文本中间。每一行表现一个"
"用户账户和延伸到每行最右边的项目小图标，为你提供的操作：编辑，锁定，设置密"
"码，恢复照片（如果已经没有照片接受而呈现灰色），接受照片和删除。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A new page will show up where you can directly modify information about the "
"user, change the password of the user and modify the list of groups the user "
"belongs to."
msgstr ""
"一个新页面将出现，你可以直接修改有关用户的信息，变更用户密码和修改用户所属组"
"的清单。"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/edit_user.png"
msgstr "./images/edit_user.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "Editing user data"
msgstr "编辑用户数据"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title>
msgid "Set passwords"
msgstr "设置密码"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The students can change their own passwords by logging into GOsa² with their "
"own usernames. A logged-in student will be presented with a very minimal "
"version of GOsa² that only allows access to the student's own account data "
"sheet and to the set-password dialog."
msgstr ""
"学生可以用他们自己的用户名登录 GOsa² 来改变他们自己的密码。登录学生将出现在一"
"个很小的 GOsa² 版本，仅允许访问学生自己账户数据页面和设置密码对话。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Teachers logged in under their own usernames have special privileges in "
"GOsa². They are shown a more privileged view of GOsa², and can change the "
"passwords for all student accounts. This may be very handy during class."
msgstr ""
"教师在 GOsa² 登录在他们自己的用户名下有特别的权利。他们显示更多特权的 GOsa² "
"观览，并可以改变所有学生账户的密码。这在年级间可以非常方便。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid "To administratively set a new password for a user"
msgstr "为用户设置新密码的管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "search for the user to be modified, as explained above"
msgstr "改进用户搜索，作为上文解释"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"click on the key symbol at the end of the line that the username is shown in"
msgstr "在行尾点击键符，出现用户名"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"on the page subsequently presented you can set a new password chosen by "
"yourself"
msgstr "在随即出现的页面，你可以设置一个由你自己选择的新密码"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/change_password_administratively.png"
msgstr "./images/change_password_administratively.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "Set user password"
msgstr "设置用户密码"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Beware of security implications due to easy to "
"guess passwords!</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis role=\"strong\">谨防暗含由易于猜测密码的安全问题！</emphasis>"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title>
msgid "Advanced user management"
msgstr "进阶用户管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"It is possible to mass-create users with GOsa² by using a CSV file, which "
"can be created with any good spreadsheet software (for example "
"<computeroutput>oocalc</computeroutput>). At least, entries for the "
"following fields have to be provided: uid, last name (sn) and first name "
"(givenName). Make sure that there are no duplicate entries in the uid field. "
"Please note that the check for duplicates must include already existing uid "
"entries in LDAP (which could be obtained by executing <computeroutput>getent "
"passwd | grep tjener/home | cut -d\":\" -f1</computeroutput> on the command "
"line)."
msgstr ""
"它能够以 GOsa² 使用一个 CSV 文件批量创建用户，那可以由任何好的表格软件（例如 "
"<computeroutput>oocalc</computeroutput>）创建。至少，条目提供如下内容的字段："
"uid，姓(sn)，名(GivenName)。确保在 uid 字段那里的输入不相同。请注意检查在 "
"LDAP 中含有已存在的 uid 相同的记录（能够通过在命令行执行 "
"<computeroutput>getent passwd | grep tjener/home | cut -d\":\" -f1</"
"computeroutput> 而得到）。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"These are the format guidelines for such a CSV file (GOsa² is quite "
"intolerant about them):"
msgstr "这里是上面提到的 CSV 文件格式指南（GOsa² 不容它们）："
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Use \",\" as field separator"
msgstr "使用 \",\" 作为字段分隔"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Do not use quotes"
msgstr "不使用引号"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The CSV file <emphasis role=\"strong\">must not</emphasis> contain a header "
"line (of the sort that normally contains the column names)"
msgstr ""
"CSV 文件 <emphasis role=\"strong\">不需要</emphasis> 含有首行（包含符合标准的"
"类别列名）"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The order of the fields is not relevant, and can be defined in GOsa² during "
"the mass import"
msgstr "字段顺序不相关，可以在 GOsa² 批量导入时定义"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid "The mass import steps are:"
msgstr "批量导入的步骤是："
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "click the \"LDAP Manager\" link in the navigation menu on the left"
msgstr "点击左侧导航菜单中的“LDAP 管理”链接"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "click the \"Import\" tab in the screen on the right"
msgstr "点击屏幕右侧的“导入”标签"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"browse your local disk and select a CSV file with the list of users to be "
"imported"
msgstr "浏览你的本地硬盘并选择用于用户清单的 CSV 文件来导入"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"choose an available user template that should be applied during mass import "
"(such as NewTeacher or NewStudent)"
msgstr "应该在请求批量导入时选择一个可以用的用户模板（诸如新教师或新学生）"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "click the \"Import\" button in the bottom-right corner"
msgstr "点击右下角的“导入”按钮"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"It's a good idea to do some tests first, preferably using a CSV file with a "
"few fictional users, which can be deleted later."
msgstr ""
"首先做一些测试是个好主意，选用一个有少量虚构用户的 CSV 文件，稍后可以删除。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title>
msgid "Group Management with GOsa²"
msgstr "用 GOsa² 管理组"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/create_group.png"
msgstr "./images/create_group.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "create group"
msgstr "创建组"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/list_groups.png"
msgstr "./images/list_groups.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid "The management of groups is very similar to the management of users."
msgstr "组的管理非常类似用户的管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"You can enter a name and a description per group. Make sure that you choose "
"the right level in the LDAP tree when creating a new group."
msgstr ""
"你可以输入每个组的名称和描述。确定你在创建新组是在 LDAP 树中选择合适的层次。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"By default, the appropriate Samba group isn't created. If you forgot to "
"check the Samba group option during group creation, you can modify the group "
"later on."
msgstr ""
"缺省不创建合适的 Samba 组。如果你在组的创建期间忘记检查 Samba 组的选项，你可"
"以在稍后修改。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Adding users to a newly created group takes you back to the user list, where "
"you most probably would like to use the filter box to find users. Check the "
"LDAP tree level, too."
msgstr ""
"向新建组添加用户你返回用户列表，你应当可以使用过滤来找到用户。也可以检索 "
"LDAP 树层次。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The groups entered in the group management are also regular unix groups, so "
"you can use them for file permissions too."
msgstr "进入组管理的组也是符合 unix 规范的组，你可以对应文件权限来使用它们。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title>
msgid "Group Management on the command line"
msgstr "在命令行中管理组"
#. type: CDATA
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# List existing group mapping between UNIX and Windows groups.\n"
"net groupmap list\n"
"\n"
"# Add your new or otherwise missing groups:\n"
"net groupmap add unixgroup=NEW_GROUP type=domain ntgroup=\"NEW_GROUP\"\\\n"
" comment=\"DESCRIPTION OF NEW GROUP\"]]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"This is explained in more detail in the <link linkend=\"NetworkClients--"
"Connecting_Windows_machines_to_the_network_.2BAC8_Windows_integration"
"\">HowTo/NetworkClients</link> chapter of this manual."
msgstr ""
"这更详细的解释在本手册的 <link linkend=\"NetworkClients--"
"Connecting_Windows_machines_to_the_network_.2BAC8_Windows_integration"
"\">HowTo/网络客户端</link> 章节。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title>
msgid "Machine Management with GOsa²"
msgstr "用 GOsa² 管理机器"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Machine management basically allows you to manage all networked devices in "
"your Debian Edu network. Every machine added to the LDAP directory using "
"GOsa² has a hostname, an IP address, a MAC address and a domain name (which "
"is usually \"intern\"). For a fuller description of the Debian Edu "
"architecture see the <link linkend=\"Architecture\">architecture</link> "
"chapter of this manual."
msgstr ""
"机器的基本管理让你管理你的 Debian Edu 网络上的所有网络设备。每个机器使用 "
"GOsa² 来向 LDAP 目录添加主机名，IP 地址，MAC 地址和域名（通常是“intern”）。较"
"全面的 Debian Edu 结构的讲解参看本手册的 <link linkend=\"Architecture\">结构"
"</link> 章节。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To add a machine, use the GOsa² main menu, systems, add. (Choose netdevice, "
"not server as that will leave you with a system object that can't be erased "
"with GOsa². You can use an IP address/hostname from the preconfigured "
"address space 10.0.0.0/8. Currently there are only two predefined fixed "
"addresses: 10.0.2.2 (tjener) and 10.0.0.1 (gateway). The addresses from "
"10.0.16.20 to 10.0.31.254 (roughly 10.0.16.0/20 or 4000 hosts) are reserved "
"for DHCP and are assigned dynamically."
msgstr ""
"添加机器，使用 GOsa² 主菜单，系统，添加。（选择网络设备，没有服务器那你不能"
"用 GOsa² 清除离开的系统对象。你可以从预配置的地址空间 10.0.0.0/8 使用一个 IP "
"地址/主机名。当前那里仅有两个预定义固定地址： 10.0.2.2 (tjener) 和 10.0.0.1 "
"(gateway)。从 10.0.16.20 到 10.0.31.254 （大约 10.0.16.0/20 或 4000 主机）的"
"地址为 DHCP 分配能力而保留。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"To assign a host with the MAC address 52:54:00:12:34:10 a static IP address "
"in GOsa² you have to enter the MAC address, the hostname and the IP; "
"alternatively you might click the <computeroutput>Propose ip</"
"computeroutput> button which will show the first free fixed address in "
"10.0.0.0/8, most probably something like 10.0.0.1 if you add the first "
"machine this way. It may be better to first think about a suited range for "
"your network."
msgstr ""
"以 MAC 地址 52:54:00:12:34:10 来分配一个主机一个静态 IP 地址，你在 GOsa² 中输"
"入 MAC 地址，主机名和 IP 地址；另一种选择你可以点击 <computeroutput>Propose "
"ip</computeroutput> 按钮，那将显示在 10.0.0.0/8 中第一个自由的固定地址，如果"
"你以这种方法添加首台机器，最可能是类似 10.0.0.1 。应当先要很好地想到适合你的"
"网络的方法种类。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"If the machines have booted as thin clients/diskless workstations or have "
"been installed using any of the networked profiles, the "
"<computeroutput>sitesummary2ldapdhcp</computeroutput> script can be used to "
"automatically add machines to GOsa². Please note, that the IP addresses "
"shown after usage of <computeroutput>sitesummary2ldapdhcp</computeroutput> "
"belong to the dynamic IP range. These systems can then be modified though to "
"suite your network. A few screenshots show how this may be done."
msgstr ""
"如果机器作为瘦客户机/无盘工作站引导或者用于任何网络安装项目，"
"<computeroutput>sitesummary2ldapdhcp</computeroutput> 脚本可以用于自动向 "
"GOsa² 添加机器。请注意，使用 <computeroutput>sitesummary2ldapdhcp</"
"computeroutput> 之后显示属于有活力一类的 IP 地址。虽然这些系统配套你的网络，"
"但是可以改进。几张屏幕快照显示这些应当如何做。"
#. type: CDATA
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"root@tjener:~# sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a\n"
"info: Create GOSa machine for auto-mac-00-02-b3-20-e4-aa [10.0.16.25] id ether-00:02:b3:20:e4:aa.\n"
"info: Updating machine tjener.interm [10.0.2.2] id ether-00:04:76:d3:28:b7.\n"
"info: Create GOSa machine for auto-mac-00-0d-59-99-d6-98 [10.0.16.26] id ether-00:0d:59:99:d6:98.\n"
"\n"
"Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort.\n"
"\n"
"Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no\n"
"enter password: █]]"
msgstr ""
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/gosa_systems_list.png"
msgstr "./images/gosa_systems_list.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "GOsa² systems listing"
msgstr "GOsa² systems listing"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/gosa_systems_host_details.png"
msgstr "./images/gosa_systems_host_details.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "Host details"
msgstr "Host details"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/gosa_systems_edit_host.png"
msgstr "./images/gosa_systems_edit_host.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "Modify host"
msgstr "Modify host"
#. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata>
msgid "./images/gosa_systems_add_netgroup.png"
msgstr "./images/gosa_systems_add_netgroup.png"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase>
msgid "Add netgroup"
msgstr "增加网络组"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"A cronjob updating DNS runs every hour; <computeroutput>su -c ldap2bind</"
"computeroutput> can be used to trigger the update manually."
msgstr ""
"DNS 运行每小时更新； <computeroutput>su -c ldap2bind</computeroutput> 可以用"
"于开启手工更新。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title>
msgid "Search and delete machines"
msgstr "搜索和删除机器"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Searching for and deleting machines is quite similar to searching for and "
"deleting users, so that information is not repeated here."
msgstr "搜索和删除机器相当类似搜索和删除用户，那样的信息不在这里重复。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title>
msgid "Modify existing machines / Netgroup management"
msgstr "修改现有机器 / 网络组管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"After adding a machine to the LDAP tree using GOsa², you can modify its "
"properties using the search functionality and clicking on the machine name "
"(as you would with users)."
msgstr ""
"用 GOsa² 添加一台机器到 LDAP 树之后，你可以使用搜索功能并点击机器名称来修改它"
"的性质（你应该有一些用户）。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The format of these system entries is similar to the one you already know "
"from modifying user entries, but the fields mean different things in this "
"context."
msgstr ""
"这些系统条目格式类似一个你已知修改用户条目，但在这个环境中范围含义不同的事。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"For example, adding a machine to a <computeroutput>NetGroup</computeroutput> "
"does not modify the file access or command execution permissions for that "
"machine or the users logged in to that machine; instead it restricts the "
"services that machine can use on your main-server."
msgstr ""
"为了示例，添加机器到 <computeroutput>NetGroup</computeroutput> 不改变文件存取"
"和命令执行权限对于那台机器或是用户登录到那台机器；那台机器可以用你的主服务器"
"替换它的受限制的服务。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"The default installation provides the <computeroutput>NetGroups</"
"computeroutput>"
msgstr "缺省安装可得到 <computeroutput>NetGroups</computeroutput>"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "cups-queue-autoflush-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "cups-queue-autoreenable-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "fsautoresize-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "ltsp-server-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "netblock-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "printer-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "server-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "shutdown-at-night-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "winstation-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "workstation-hosts"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Currently the <computeroutput>NetGroup</computeroutput> functionality is "
"used for"
msgstr "当前 <computeroutput>NetGroup</computeroutput> 功能用于"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "NFS."
msgstr "NFS"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The home directories are exported by the main-server to be mounted by the "
"workstations and the LTSP servers. For security reasons, only hosts within "
"the workstation-hosts, ltsp-server-hosts and server-hosts "
"<computeroutput>NetGroups</computeroutput> can mount the exported NFS "
"shares. So it is rather important to remember to configure these kinds of "
"machines properly in the LDAP tree using GOsa² and to configure them to use "
"static IP addresses from LDAP."
msgstr ""
"主目录是由工作站和 LTSP 服务器挂载由主服务器输出。出于安全原因，仅含有 "
"workstation-hosts, ltsp-server-hosts and server-hosts "
"<computeroutput>NetGroups</computeroutput> 可以挂载共享输出 NFS。记住用 "
"GOsa² 在 LDAP 树中配置这些恰当的机器类别并从 LDAP 使用静态 IP 地址配置它们。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Remember to configure workstations and ltsp-servers properly with GOsa², or "
"your users won't be able to access their home directories."
msgstr ""
"记住用 GOsa² 恰当设置工作站和 ltsp 服务器，否则你的用户将不能访问他们的主目"
"录。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "fs-autoresize"
msgstr "fs-autoresize"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian Edu machines in this group will automatically resize LVM partitions "
"that run out of space."
msgstr ""
"在这个组中的 Debian Edu 机器将自动排列 LVM 分区，从而运行在缺乏的空间。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "shutdown at night"
msgstr "夜间关机"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian Edu machines in this group will automatically shut down at night to "
"save energy."
msgstr "这个组的 Debian Edu 机器将在夜间自动关机以保存能量。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "CUPS (cups-queue-autoflush-hosts and cups-queue-autoreenable-hosts)"
msgstr "CUPS (cups-queue-autoflush-hosts and cups-queue-autoreenable-hosts)"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian Edu machines in these groups will automatically flush all print "
"queues every night, and re-enable any disabled print queue every hour."
msgstr ""
"在这些组中的 Debian Edu 机器将在每晚清空所有打印列队，并于每小时重执行任何失"
"效的打印列队。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Debian Edu machines in this group will only be allowed to connect to "
"machines on the local network. Combined with web proxy restrictions this "
"might be used during exams."
msgstr ""
"在这个组中的 Debian Edu 机器将仅允许连接到本地网络的机器。结合应用于考试期间"
"的 web 代理限制。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para>
msgid ""
"Another important part of machine configuration is the 'Samba host' flag (in "
"the 'Host information' area). If you plan to add existing Windows systems to "
"the Skolelinux Samba domain, you need to add the Windows host to the LDAP "
"tree and set this flag to be able to join the Windows host to the domain. "
"For more information about adding Windows hosts to the Skolelinux network "
"see the <link linkend=\"NetworkClients--"
"Connecting_Windows_machines_to_the_network_.2BAC8_Windows_integration"
"\">HowTo/NetworkClients</link> chapter of this manual."
msgstr ""
"另一个机器配置的重要部分是 'Samba host' flag （在‘主机信息’范围内）。如果你计"
"划添加现有的 Windows 系统到 Skolelinux Samba 域，你需要添加 Windows 主机到 "
"LDAP 树并设置 flag 能够融汇 Windows 主机到这个域。有关添加 Windows 主机到 "
"Skolelinux 网络的更多信息参看本手册的 <link linkend=\"NetworkClients--"
"Connecting_Windows_machines_to_the_network_.2BAC8_Windows_integration"
"\">HowTo/网络客户端</link> 章节。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title>
msgid "Printer Management"
msgstr "打印机管理"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><para>
msgid ""
"For Printer Management point your web browser to <ulink url=\"https://"
"www:631\"/> This is the normal CUPS management interface where you can add/"
"delete/modify your printers and can clean up the printing queue. Changes "
"that require a root login need SSL encryption."
msgstr ""
"为管理打印机，你的 web 浏览器指向 <ulink url=\"https://www:631\"/> 这是普通"
"的 CUPS 管理界面，你可以添加/删除/修改你的打印机并可以清理打印列队。这些变更"
"有赖 root 用户以 SSL 加密登录。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title>
msgid "Clock synchronisation"
msgstr "时钟同步"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><para>
msgid ""
"The default configuration in Debian Edu is to keep the clocks on all "
"machines synchronous but not necessarily correct. NTP is used to update the "
"time. The clocks will be synchronised with an external source by default. "
"This can cause machines to keep the external Internet connection open if it "
"is created when used."
msgstr ""
"Debian Edu 缺省配置保持时钟在所有机器上同步但不一定准确。NTP 用于更新时间。时"
"钟将与一个缺省的外部源同步。如果它是使用时可以产生引起机器保持外部互联网连接"
"打开。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><para>
msgid ""
"If you use dialup or ISDN and pay per minute, you want to change this "
"default setting."
msgstr "如果你使用 dialup 或者 ISDN 并按分钟付费，你需要改变这个缺省设置。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><para>
msgid ""
"To disable synchronisation with an external clock, the file /etc/ntp.conf on "
"the main-server and all clients and LTSP chroots need to be modified. Add "
"comment (\"#\") marks in front of the <computeroutput>server</"
"computeroutput> entries. After this, the NTP server needs to be restarted "
"by running <computeroutput>/etc/init.d/ntp restart</computeroutput> as "
"root. To test if a machine is using the external clock sources, run "
"<computeroutput>ntpq -c lpeer</computeroutput>."
msgstr ""
"禁止与一个外部时钟同步，需要改变在主服务器，所有客户端和 LTSP chroot 中的 /"
"etc/ntp.conf 文件。在 <computeroutput>server</computeroutput> 条目之前添加注"
"释 (\"#\") 。这之后，NTP 服务器需要重启，以 root 来运行 <computeroutput>/etc/"
"init.d/ntp restart</computeroutput> 。如果一台机器使用外部时钟源，运行 "
"<computeroutput>ntpq -c lpeer</computeroutput> 进行测试。"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title>
msgid "Extending full partitions"
msgstr "扩展完整分区"
#. type: Content of: <article><section><para>
msgid ""
"Because of a possible bug with automatic partitioning, some partitions might "
"be too full after installation. To extend these partitions, run "
"<computeroutput>debian-edu-fsautoresize -n</computeroutput> as root. See "
"the \"Resizing Partitions\" HowTo in the <link linkend=\"Administration--"
"Resizing_Partitions\">administration HowTo chapter</link> for more "
"information."
msgstr ""
"由于自动分区可能存在的 bug，安装之后一些分区也需要完整。以 root 运行 "
"<computeroutput>debian-edu-fsautoresize -n</computeroutput> 来扩展这些分区。"
"更多信息参阅 <link linkend=\"Administration--Resizing_Partitions\">如何管理章"
"节</link> 中的如何“重排分区”。"
2012年12月16日 星期日 22:43
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "Maintenance" msgstr "维护" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Updating the software" msgstr "更新软件" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "This section explains how to use <computeroutput>aptitude upgrade</" "computeroutput>." msgstr "这部分讲解如何使用 <computeroutput>aptitude upgrade</computeroutput>。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Using <computeroutput>aptitude</computeroutput> is really simply. To update " "a system you need to execute two commands on the command line as root: " "<computeroutput>aptitude update</computeroutput> (which updates the lists of " "available packages) and <computeroutput>aptitude upgrade</computeroutput> " "(which upgrades the packages for which an upgrade is available)." msgstr "" "使用 <computeroutput>aptitude</computeroutput> 非常简单。你需要以 root 在命令" "行执行两个命令来更新系统： <computeroutput>aptitude update</computeroutput> " "（更新可用的软件包清单）和 <computeroutput>aptitude upgrade</computeroutput> " "（升级可以升级的软件包）。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "It is also a good idea to install <computeroutput>cron-apt</computeroutput> " "and <computeroutput>apt-listchanges</computeroutput> and configure them to " "send mail to an address you are reading." msgstr "" "安装 <computeroutput>cron-apt</computeroutput> 和 <computeroutput>apt-" "listchanges</computeroutput> 也是一个好方法，配置它们发送邮件到一个你读取的地" "址。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "<computeroutput>cron-apt</computeroutput> will notify you once a day via " "email about any packages that can be upgraded. It does not install these " "upgrades, but does download them (usually in the night), so you don't have " "to wait for the download when you do <computeroutput>aptitude upgrade</" "computeroutput>." msgstr "" "<computeroutput>cron-apt</computeroutput> 将一天一次通过电子邮件通知你任何可" "升级的软件包。它不安装这些升级，但下载它们（通常在夜间），那样当你执行 " "<computeroutput>aptitude upgrade</computeroutput> 时你不用等待下载。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Automatic installation of updates can be done easily if desired, it just " "needs the <computeroutput>unattended-upgrades</computeroutput> package to be " "installed." msgstr "" "如果希望自动安装更新可以容易地做到，它仅需安装 <computeroutput>unattended-" "upgrades</computeroutput> 软件包。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "<computeroutput>apt-listchanges</computeroutput> can send new changelog " "entries to you via email, or alternativly display them in the terminal when " "running <computeroutput>aptitude</computeroutput> or <computeroutput>apt-" "get</computeroutput>." msgstr "" "<computeroutput>apt-listchanges</computeroutput> 可以通过电子邮件发送新变更记" "录给你，或者选择在运行 <computeroutput>aptitude</computeroutput> 或 " "<computeroutput>apt-get</computeroutput> 时在终端里显示它们。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Keep yourself informed about security updates" msgstr "保留你自己关于安全更新情况的信息" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Running <computeroutput>cron-apt</computeroutput> as described above is a " "good way to learn when security updates are available for installed " "packages. Another way to stay informed about security updates is to " "subscribe to the <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-security-" "announce/\">Debian security-announce mailinglist</ulink>, which has the " "benefit of also telling you what the security update is about. The downside " "(compared to <computeroutput>cron-apt</computeroutput>) is that it also " "includes information about updates for packages which aren't installed." msgstr "" "当安全更新可获得安装软件包时运行 <computeroutput>cron-apt</computeroutput> 是" "作为上文描述的一个好方法。另一个保留有关安全更新信息的方法是来订阅 <ulink " "url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-security-announce/\">Debian 安全通告邮件" "列表</ulink>，同样有益于通知你有关的安全更新。下面（比较 " "<computeroutput>cron-apt</computeroutput>）同样包含关于软件包更新信息但是不安" "装。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Backup Management" msgstr "备份管理" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "For backup management point your browser to <ulink url=\"https://www/" "slbackup-php\"/>. Please note that you need to access this site via SSL, " "since you have to enter the root password there. If you try to access this " "site without using SSL it will fail." msgstr "" "作为备份管理，指向你的浏览器到 <ulink url=\"https://www/slbackup-php\"/>。请" "注意你需要通过 SSL 访问这个位置，直到你在那里输入 root 密码。如果你尝试不使" "用 SSL 来访问这个位置它将失败。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "By default tjener will back up <computeroutput>/skole/tjener/home0</" "computeroutput>, <computeroutput>/etc/</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>/" "root/.svk</computeroutput> and LDAP to /skole/backup which is under the LVM. " "If you only want to have spare copies of things (in case you delete them) " "this setup should be fine for you." msgstr "" "默认的 tjener 将备份 <computeroutput>/skole/tjener/home0</computeroutput>， " "<computeroutput>/etc/</computeroutput>， <computeroutput>/root/.svk</" "computeroutput> 和 LDAP 到 LVM 下面的 /skole/backup。如果你仅想对一些事情有备" "用复制（以防你删除它们），这个设置应该适合你。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Be aware that this backup scheme doesn't protect you from failing hard " "drives." msgstr "要意识到这个备份计划你不能从损坏的硬盘得到保障。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "If you want to back up your data to an external server, a tape device or " "another hard drive you'll have to modify the existing configuration a bit." msgstr "" "如果你想备份你的数据到一台外部服务器，一台磁带设备或者其他硬盘，你需要对现有" "配置做一点修改。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "If you want to restore a complete folder, your best option is to use the " "command-line:" msgstr "如果你想恢复全部文件夹，你最好选择使用命令行：" #. type: CDATA #, no-wrap msgid "" "$ sudo rdiff-backup -r <date> \\\n" " /skole/backup/tjener/skole/tjener/home0/user \\\n" " /skole/tjener/home0/user_<date>]]" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "This will leave the content from <computeroutput>/skole/tjener/home0/user</" "computeroutput> for <computeroutput><date></computeroutput> in the " "folder <computeroutput>/skole/tjener/home0/user_<date></computeroutput>" msgstr "" "这将从 <computeroutput>/skole/tjener/home0/user</computeroutput> 于 " "<computeroutput><date></computeroutput> 分离 <computeroutput>/skole/" "tjener/home0/user_<date></computeroutput> 文件夹" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "If you want to restore a single file, then you should be able to select the " "file (and the version) from the web interface, and download only that file." msgstr "" "如果你想还原单个文件，那你可以从 web 界面选择那个文件（和版本）并仅下载那个文" "件。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "If you want to get rid of older backups, choose \"Maintenance\" in the menu " "on the backup page and select the oldest snapshot to keep:" msgstr "" "如果你想释放较早的备份，在备份页面的菜单中选择 \"Maintenance\" 并选择最早快照" "来保留。" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> msgid "./images/slbackup-php_maintenance.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para><inlinemediaobject><textobject><phrase> msgid "slbackup-php Maintenance" msgstr "slbackup-php 管理" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Server Monitoring" msgstr "服务器监控" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Munin" msgstr "Munin" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The Munin trend reporting system is available from <ulink url=\"https://www/" "munin/\"/>. It provides system status measurement graphs on a daily, " "weekly, monthly and yearly basis, and provides the system administrator with " "help when looking for bottlenecks and the source of system problems." msgstr "" "Munin 是从 <ulink url=\"https://www/munin/\"/> 获得的趋势报告系统。它提供基于" "每一天，每周，每月和每年的系统地位测量曲线图，供系统管理者审视瓶颈和系统难题" "的成因时以帮助。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The list of machines being monitored using Munin is generated automatically, " "based on the list of hosts reporting to sitesummary. All hosts with the " "package munin-node installed are registered for Munin monitoring. It will " "normally take one day from a machine being installed until Munin monitoring " "starts, because of the order the cron jobs are executed. To speed up the " "process, run <computeroutput>sitesummary-update-munin</computeroutput> as " "root on the sitesummary server (normally the main-server). This will update " "the <computeroutput>/etc/munin/munin.conf</computeroutput> file." msgstr "" "Munin 自动生成用以监控机器的清单，基于主机的清单报告给 sitesummary。所有主机" "安装 munin-node 软件包为 Munin 监控注册。它将常规在 Munin 监控启动的某一天从" "一台机器安装，是由于 cron 工作执行次序的原因。在 sitesummary 服务器（通常是主" "服务器）作为 root 运行 <computeroutput>sitesummary-update-munin</" "computeroutput> 来加速这个过程。这将更新 <computeroutput>/etc/munin/munin." "conf</computeroutput> 文件。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The set of measurements being collected is automatically generated on each " "machine using the <computeroutput>munin-node-configure</computeroutput> " "program, which probes the plugins available from <computeroutput>/usr/share/" "munin/plugins/</computeroutput> and symlinks the relevant ones to " "<computeroutput>/etc/munin/plugins/</computeroutput>." msgstr "" "这个检测设置使用 <computeroutput>munin-node-configure</computeroutput> 程序在" "每台机器上自动生成收集，探测插件可从 <computeroutput>/usr/share/munin/" "plugins/</computeroutput> 及其相关符号链接 <computeroutput>/etc/munin/" "plugins/</computeroutput> 获得。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Information about Munin is available from <ulink url=\"http://munin.projects." "linpro.no/\"/> ." msgstr "" "有关 Munin 的信息可从 <ulink url=\"http://munin.projects.linpro.no/\"/> 获" "得。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Nagios" msgstr "Nagios" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Nagios system and service monitoring is available from <ulink url=\"https://" "www/nagios3/\"/>. The set of machines and services being monitored is " "automatically generated using information collected by the sitesummary " "system. The machines with the profile Main-server and Thin-client-server " "receive full monitoring, while workstations and thin clients receive simple " "monitoring. To enable full monitoring on a workstation, install the " "<computeroutput>nagios-nrpe-server</computeroutput> package on the " "workstation." msgstr "" "Nagios 系统和服务监控可以从 <ulink url=\"https://www/nagios3/\"/> 获得。机器" "的设置和服务的监控使用由 sitesummary 系统收集的信息自动生成。有主服务器和瘦客" "户机服务器内容的机器受到完全监控，而工作站和瘦客户机受到单一的监控。在一台工" "作站上做到完全监控，在工作站上安装 <computeroutput>nagios-nrpe-server</" "computeroutput> 软件包。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The username is <computeroutput>nagiosadmin</computeroutput> and the default " "password is <computeroutput>skolelinux</computeroutput>. For security " "reasons, avoid using the same password as root. To change the password you " "can run the following command as root:" msgstr "" "这个用户名是 <computeroutput>nagiosadmin</computeroutput> 并且默认密码是 " "<computeroutput>skolelinux</computeroutput>。出于安全原因，避免使用与 root 同" "样的密码。改变密码你可以作为 root 运行下面的命令：" #. type: CDATA #, no-wrap msgid "htpasswd /etc/nagios3/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin]]" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "By default Nagios does not send email. This can be changed by replacing " "<computeroutput>notify-by-nothing</computeroutput> with <computeroutput>host-" "notify-by-email</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>notify-by-email</" "computeroutput> in the file <computeroutput>/etc/nagios3/sitesummary-" "template-contacts.cfg</computeroutput>." msgstr "" "默认的 Nagios 不发送电子邮件。这可以在文件 <computeroutput>/etc/nagios3/" "sitesummary-template-contacts.cfg</computeroutput> 中以 <computeroutput>host-" "notify-by-email</computeroutput> 和 <computeroutput>notify-by-email</" "computeroutput> 取代 <computeroutput>notify-by-nothing</computeroutput> 来改" "变。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The Nagios configuration file used is <computeroutput>/etc/nagios3/" "sitesummary.cfg</computeroutput>. The sitesummary cron job generates " "<computeroutput>/var/lib/sitesummary/nagios-generated.cfg</computeroutput> " "with the list of hosts and services to monitor." msgstr "" "Nagios 配置文件使用的是 <computeroutput>/etc/nagios3/sitesummary.cfg</" "computeroutput>。sitesummary cron 工作生成主机和服务清单 <computeroutput>/" "var/lib/sitesummary/nagios-generated.cfg</computeroutput> 给监控器。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Extra Nagios checks can be put in the file <computeroutput>/var/lib/" "sitesummary/nagios-generated.cfg.post</computeroutput> to get them included " "in the generated file." msgstr "" "附加的 Nagios 检查可以置于 <computeroutput>/var/lib/sitesummary/nagios-" "generated.cfg.post</computeroutput> 文件中，让它们包含在生成文件中。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Information about Nagios is available from <ulink url=\"http://www.nagios." "org/\"/> or in the <computeroutput>nagios3-doc</computeroutput> package." msgstr "" "有关 Nagios 的信息可从 <ulink url=\"http://www.nagios.org/\"/> 或者在 " "<computeroutput>nagios3-doc</computeroutput> 软件包中获得。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "Common Nagios warnings and how to handle them" msgstr "通常的 Nagios 提示和如何掌握它们" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "Here are instructions on how to handle the most common Nagios warnings." msgstr "这里是传授如何掌握最通常的 Nagios 提醒。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "DISK CRITICAL - free space: /usr 309 MB (5% inode=47%):" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The partition (/usr/ in the example) is too full. There are in general two " "ways to handle this: (1) remove some files or (2) increase the size of the " "partition. If the partition is /var/, purging the APT cache by calling " "<computeroutput>apt-get clean</computeroutput> might remove some files. If " "there is more room available in the LVM volume group, running the program " "<computeroutput>debian-edu-fsautoresize</computeroutput> to extend the " "partitions might help. To run this program automatically every hour, the " "host in question can be added to the <computeroutput>fsautoresize-hosts</" "computeroutput> netgroup." msgstr "" "该分区（示例中的 /usr/）已满。一般有两种方法对待这个：（1）移除一些文件或者" "（2）增加该分区容量。如果该分区是 /var/，通过 <computeroutput>apt-get clean</" "computeroutput> 清除 APT 仓库可以移除一部分文件。如果在 LVM 卷组中有更多空间" "可用，运行程序 <computeroutput>debian-edu-fsautoresize</computeroutput> 可以" "帮助扩展分区。可以考虑把这台主机添加到 <computeroutput>fsautoresize-hosts</" "computeroutput> 网络组来每小时自动运行该程序。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "APT CRITICAL: 13 packages available for upgrade (13 critical updates)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "New package are available for upgrades. The critical ones are normally " "security fixes. To upgrade, run 'apt-get upgrade && apt-get dist-" "upgrade' as root in a konsole or log in via ssh to do the same. On thin " "client servers, remember to also update the LTSP chroot using " "<computeroutput>ltsp-chroot apt-get update && ltsp-chroot apt-get " "upgrade</computeroutput>." msgstr "" "新软件包可用于升级。这是一个关键性的常规安全修正。作为 root 在 konsole 或者通" "过 ssh 登录来运行 'apt-get upgrade && apt-get dist-upgrade' 来升级。" "在瘦客户机服务器中，记得也要用 <computeroutput>ltsp-chroot apt-get update " "&& ltsp-chroot apt-get upgrade</computeroutput> 升级 LTSP chroot。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "If you do not want to manually upgrade packages and trust Debian to do a " "good job with new versions, you can install the <computeroutput>unattended-" "upgrades</computeroutput> package and configure it to automatically upgrade " "all new packages every night. This will not upgrade the LTSP chroots." msgstr "" "如果你不想手工升级软件包并相信 Debian 对新版本做到好的工作，你可以安装 " "<computeroutput>unattended-upgrades</computeroutput> 软件包并配置它于每晚自动" "升级所有新软件包。这将不升级 LTSP chroot。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "To upgrade the LTSP chroot, one can use <computeroutput>ltsp-chroot apt-get " "update && ltsp-chroot apt-get upgrade</computeroutput>. On 64-bit " "servers, one will have to add <computeroutput>-a i386</computeroutput> as an " "argument to ltsp-chroot. It is a good idea to update the chroot when " "updating the host system." msgstr "" "升级 LTSP chroot，一个可以使用 <computeroutput>ltsp-chroot apt-get update " "&& ltsp-chroot apt-get upgrade</computeroutput>。在64位服务器，应以 " "<computeroutput>-a i386</computeroutput> 作为一个依据添加到 ltsp-chroot 。在" "更新主机系统时它是更新 chroot 的好主意。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "" "WARNING - Reboot required : running kernel = 2.6.32-37.81.0, installed " "kernel = 2.6.32-38.83.0" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The running kernel is older than the newest installed kernel, and a reboot " "is required to activate the newest installed kernel. This is normally " "fairly urgent, as new kernels normally show up in Debian Edu to fix security " "issues." msgstr "" "当安装最新内核时运行着较旧内核，需要一次重新启动使安装的最新内核工作。这是常" "规的相当迫切在 Debian Edu 修正安全发布作为新内核常规显示出来。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><title> msgid "WARNING: CUPS queue size - 61" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "The printer queues in CUPS have a lot of jobs pending. This is most likely " "because of a unavailable printer. Disabled print queues are enabled every " "hour on hosts that are member of the <computeroutput>cups-queue-autoreenable-" "hosts</computeroutput> netgroup, so for such hosts no manual action should " "be required. The print queues are emptied every night on hosts that are " "member of the <computeroutput>cups-queue-autoflush-hosts</computeroutput> " "netgroup. If a host have a lot of jobs in their queue, consider adding this " "host to one or both of these netgroups." msgstr "" "打印机列队在 CUPS 中有大量待完成任务。这最可能是由于一台不可用的打印机。使作" "为 <computeroutput>cups-queue-autoreenable-hosts</computeroutput> 网络组成员" "的主机能够在每小时恢复失败打印列队工作，那样无需手工操作此主机。在 " "<computeroutput>cups-queue-autoflush-hosts</computeroutput> 网络组成员的主机" "在每晚清空打印列队。如果一台主机在它们的列队中有大量任务，考虑添加这台主机到" "这些网络组之一或此二者。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><title> msgid "Sitesummary" msgstr "Sitesummary" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Sitesummary is used to collect information from each computer and submit it " "to the central server. The information collected is available in " "<computeroutput>/var/lib/sitesummary/entries/</computeroutput>. Scripts in " "<computeroutput>/usr/lib/sitesummary/</computeroutput> are available to " "generate reports." msgstr "" "Sitesummary 用于从每台计算机收集信息并提交到中央服务器。收集到的信息可在 " "<computeroutput>/var/lib/sitesummary/entries/</computeroutput> 中得到。在 " "<computeroutput>/usr/lib/sitesummary/</computeroutput> 中的脚本可用于生成报" "告。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "A simple report from sitesummary without any details is available from " "<ulink url=\"https://www/sitesummary/\"/>." msgstr "" "一个来自 sitesummary 无任何细目的简单报告从 <ulink url=\"https://www/" "sitesummary/\"/> 获得。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><section><para> msgid "" "Some documentation on sitesummary is available from <ulink url=\"http://wiki." "debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/SiteSummary\"/>" msgstr "" "从 <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/HowTo/SiteSummary\"/> 可得到" "一些 sitesummary 文档" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "More information about Debian Edu customisations" msgstr "有关定制 Debian Edu 的更多信息" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "More information about Debian Edu customisations useful for system " "administrators can be found in the <link linkend=\"Administration" "\">Administration Howto chapter</link>." msgstr "" "更多的对于系统管理员有用的定制 Debian Edu 的相关信息可以在 <link linkend=" "\"Administration\">如何管理章节</link> 中找到。"
2012年12月18日 星期二 23:53
#. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "Upgrades" msgstr "升级" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "Before reading this upgrade guide, please note that live updates to your " "production servers are carried out at your own risk. <emphasis role=\"strong" "\">Debian Edu/Skolelinux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent " "permitted by applicable law.</emphasis>" msgstr "" "在读这个升级指南之前，请主意升级你的生产服务器你自己承担风险。 <emphasis " "role=\"strong\">在适用法律范围之内，Debian Edu/Skolelinux 完全没有担保。</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "Please read this chapter completely before attempting to upgrade." msgstr "尝试升级之前请完整阅读本章。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "General notes on upgrading" msgstr "一般的升级说明" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Upgrading Debian from one distribution to the next is generally rather easy. " "For Debian Edu this is unfortunately not yet true as we heavily modify " "configuration files in ways we shouldn't. (See Debian bug <ulink url=" "\"http://bugs.debian.org/311188#\">311188</ulink> for more information.) " "Upgrading is still possible but may require some work." msgstr "" "从 Debian 的一个发布版升级到下一个一般比较容易。这对 Debian Edu 遗憾尚不能这" "样，在不应是我们范围内我们承担修正配置文件。（更多信息参看 Debian bug <ulink " "url=\"http://bugs.debian.org/311188#\">311188</ulink>。）升级仍然可以做到，但" "应该需要一些工作。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "In general, upgrading the servers is more difficult than the workstations " "and the main-server is the most difficult to upgrade. The diskless machines " "are easy, as their chroot environment can be deleted and recreated, if you " "haven't modified it. If you have, the chroot is basically a workstation " "chroot anyway, so rather easy to upgrade." msgstr "" "一般，服务器升级比工作站困难，而且主服务器最难于升级。无盘机器容易，作为它们" "的 chroot 环境如果你没有修改过它，可以删除并重建。如果你有，至少这个 chroot " "基本上是工作站 chroot，那么比较容易升级。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "If you want to be sure that after the upgrade everything works as before, " "you should test the upgrade on a test system or systems configured the same " "way as your production machines. There you can test the upgrade without risk " "and see if everything works as it should." msgstr "" "如果你想在升级之后一切都能工作，那么之前你应当在测试系统或者如同你的生产机器" "一样方法配置成的系统上测试。那你可以无风险测试升级并看到它是否一切可以工作。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Make sure to also read the information about the current Debian Stable " "release in its <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/" "installmanual\">installation manual</ulink>." msgstr "" "保证也阅读当前 Debian 稳定版发布的 <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/" "releases/stable/installmanual\">安装手册</ulink> 中的相关信息。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "It may also be wise to wait a bit and keep running Oldstable for a few weeks " "longer, so that others can test the upgrade and document any problems they " "experience. The Oldstable release of Debian Edu will receive continued " "support for some time after the next Stable release, but when Debian <ulink " "url=\"http://www.debian.org/security/faq#lifespan\">ceases support for " "Oldstable</ulink>, Debian Edu will necessarily do the same." msgstr "" "有数周长的时间等待和保持运行旧稳定版也是明智的，那样其他人可以测试升级并提供" "他们实验的任何难题的文档。Debian Edu 旧的稳定发布版在下一个稳定版发布之后将得" "到延续一段时间的支持，但当 Debian <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/" "security/faq#lifespan\">停止对旧稳定版支持</ulink> 时，Debian Edu 将必然相" "同。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "Upgrades from Debian Edu Lenny" msgstr "从 Debian Edu Lenny 升级" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "Be prepared: make sure you have tested the upgrade from Lenny in a test " "environment or have backups ready to be able to go back." msgstr "" "做好准备：确保你在一个测试环境从 Lenny 测试升级或者已经有能够恢复的备份。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "The basic upgrade operation" msgstr "基本升级操作" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Edit <computeroutput>/etc/apt/sources.list</computeroutput> and replace all " "occurrences of \"lenny\" with \"squeeze\"." msgstr "" "编辑 <computeroutput>/etc/apt/sources.list</computeroutput> 用 \"squeeze\" 替" "换 \"lenny\"。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> msgid "run <computeroutput>apt-get update</computeroutput>" msgstr "运行 <computeroutput>apt-get update</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> msgid "run <computeroutput>apt-get upgrade</computeroutput>" msgstr "运行 <computeroutput>apt-get upgrade</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><orderedlist><listitem><para> msgid "run <computeroutput>apt-get dist-upgrade</computeroutput>" msgstr "运行 <computeroutput>apt-get dist-upgrade</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "LDAP service needs to be reconfigured" msgstr "LDAP 服务器需要重新配置" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "The LDAP setup has changed a lot from Lenny to Squeeze. The way users " "accounts, passwords, network settings, services and machines are treated is " "quite different now. So LDAP has to be rebuild from scratch. There's a " "script <computeroutput>ldap-debian-edu-install</computeroutput> (in /usr/" "bin) that could be used to achieve this. Read the comment at the beginning " "of that script carefully before doing anything." msgstr "" "LDAP 设置从 Lenny 到 Squeeze 有大量变化。现在对于用户账户，密码，网络设置，服" "务和机器是不一样的对待。如此从零开始重建 LDAP 。这里的一个脚本 " "<computeroutput>ldap-debian-edu-install</computeroutput> （在 /usr/bin 中）将" "用于完成这个。做任何事之前仔细阅读这个脚本开始部分的内容。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><title> msgid "Recreating an LTSP chroot" msgstr "重建一个 LTSP chroot" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "On the LTSP server(s) the LTSP chroot should be recreated. The new chroot " "will automatically support both thin-clients and diskless workstations." msgstr "" "在 LTSP 服务器上的 LTSP chroot 应当重建，新 chroot 将自动支持瘦客户机和无盘工" "作站这两者。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Remove <computeroutput>/opt/ltsp/i386</computeroutput> (or <computeroutput>/" "opt/ltsp/amd64</computeroutput>, depending on your setup). If you have " "enough diskspace, consider backing it up." msgstr "" "移除 <computeroutput>/opt/ltsp/i386</computeroutput> （或 <computeroutput>/" "opt/ltsp/amd64</computeroutput>，视你的设置而定）如果你有充足的磁盘空间，考虑" "备份它。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "" "Recreate the chroot by running <computeroutput>debian-edu-ltsp && " "ltsp-make-client</computeroutput> as root." msgstr "" "以 root 运行 <computeroutput>debian-edu-ltsp && ltsp-make-client</" "computeroutput> 重建 chroot 。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><section><para> msgid "Of course you can also upgrade the chroot as usual." msgstr "当然你也可以像往常一样升级 chroot 。" #. type: Content of: <article><section><title> msgid "" "Upgrades from older Debian Edu / Skolelinux installations (before Lenny)" msgstr "从旧版 Debian Edu / Skolelinux 安装（Lenny 之前）升级" #. type: Content of: <article><section><para> msgid "" "To upgrade from any older release, you will need to upgrade to the Lenny-" "based Debian Edu release first, before you can follow the instructions " "provided above. Instructions are given in the <ulink url=\"http://wiki." "debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Lenny#\">Manual for Debian Edu Lenny</" "ulink> of how to upgrade to Lenny from the previous release, Etch, and the " "Etch manual covers the one before that!" msgstr "" "从任何旧版本升级，你可以按照上文提供的讲述做之前，你首先将需要升级到基于 " "Lenny 的 Debian Edu 发布版。在 <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/" "Documentation/Lenny#\">Debian Edu Lenny 手册</ulink> 给予讲述如何从先前的发布" "版升级到 Lenny，在那之前涉及 Etch 和 Etch 手册。"
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