[form mit world]1翻译> 计算机使我们变得愚

自己翻译的mit world上面一个教师的一篇演讲稿简介。
翻译的不好，别笑哈。
演讲视频:
http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/695
有谁可以把这视频给翻译下就好了。
对了，一个建议：为什么标题对输入字数还有限制？不爽。

About the Lecture

关于演讲

Visiting the San Diego Zoo’s orangutans and chimpanzees inspires  Patrick Henry Winston  to ponder what makes humans different from our primate cousins. His field of artificial intelligence extends that question to thinking about how humans differ from computers. Winston’s goal is to “develop a computational theory of intelligence.” 

参观 San Diego 动物园的红猩猩和黑猩猩启发 Patrick Henry Winston 来考虑什么使人类和人类的近亲不同。他的人工智能领域扩展了这个问题到考虑人类是如何不同于计算机的。 Winston 的目的是 ” 发展一个关于智能可计算的理论 ”. 

Bridging the gap from people to machines requires a complex understanding of how we think. Winston asserts we think with our eyes, our hands, our mouth. Humans rely upon visual, motor, and linguistic faculties to learn and solve problems. Perceptual powers enable naming, describing, categorizing and recalling. In the aggregate, these processes are “commonsense,” a hallmark of cognition that Winston aims to vest in computer programs -- to endow transistors with the nuanced capabilities of neurons. 

联接人类和机器的代沟需要一个对我们是如何思考的复杂理解。

Winston 断言我们使用眼睛，手，口来思考。人类依赖于视觉的，运动的 , 和语言的设施来学习和解决问题。知觉能力使命名，描述，分类和回忆成为可能。总之，这些处理是“常识”，认知的一个特点， winston 准备在计算机中处理。使晶体管具有神经元的功能。

Crucially, we also think with our  stories  . Throughout childhood and formal education, we are taught via fairy tales, myths, history, literature, religion, and popular entertainment. Professional disciplines like law, science, medicine, engineering, and business are conveyed through stories too. 

最为重要的是，我们也通过我们的故事来思考。经过童年和正式的教育，我们被精灵故事，神话，历史，文学 , 宗教和流行的娱乐教育。专业的原则像法律，科学，医学，工程和生意在我们听故事的过程中也被学习理解。

Recognizing patterns, relationships, and mistakes, as well as abstract concepts like revenge or success, helps us explain, predict, answer questions. The delicate processes of extracting knowledge and capturing meaning may appear seamless or instinctive in the evolved mind, but must be parsed syntactically to “teach” a computer to achieve the same ends. 

认知模式，关系，和错误，还有抽象概念像报复或者成功，帮助我们理解，预测，和回答问题。获取知识和得到意义的精确的过程可以以合乎逻辑或者直觉的方式呈现，在我们的思考过程中，但是这个过程必须可以被句法的分析来教会计算机获得相同的结果。

What might be practical applications “for systems that understood stories”? Winston suggests that decision-making in business and military strategy would benefit. And no less, comprehending cultures. If a computer program could derive clues from context, perhaps it could determine why “what plays in Peoria” doesn’t translate to Baghdad. 

什么可能是实际的应用来作为一个可以理解故事的系统 ?Winston 建议在商业中的决策和战争策略将会获益。还有，理解文化。 如果一个计算机程序可以从文本中获得规则，也许他就可以决定为什么 ”what   plays in Peoria” 不翻译成为 Baghdad.

Early efforts to build a computational theory of intelligence focused on “symbolic integration…We figured out how to make programs do calculus by 1960…but computers remained as dumb as stones,” Winston says. When we progressed to building robots -- “things that move” -- language was still lacking. “We forgot that the distinguishing characteristic of human intelligence is that linguistic veneer that stands above our perceptual apparatus,” he remarks. 

早期建立一个智能可计算理论的努力关注于 ” 符号组成 ...” 我们指出如何如何使程序做计算，在 1960. 但是计算机依然像石头一个笨。 ”winston 说。当我们进步到建立机器人 ---“ 运动的东西 ”--- 语言依然是缺乏的 . 我们忘记了人类智能鲜明的特点是直觉的能手。直觉在我们合乎逻辑知识之上。 ” 他说。 

A paradox emerging from Winston’s study of how humans think is that “computers make us stupid.” For instance, when students are freed from taking notes, absence of “forced engagement” with the material hinders learning. He cautions that teachers confuse the “presentation of information with the delivery of information.” Too many words on a slide (or talking too fast) “jams the language processor” and impedes digesting content. 

在 Winston 的研究人类是如何思考的过程中，一个矛盾出现了 : 计算机使我们变得愚蠢。比如，当学生从做笔记中脱离出来，缺乏材料的 ” 强迫努力 ” 阻碍了学习。 他注意到教师对 ” 知识的表征伴随于知识的传输 ” 感到疑惑。幻灯片上太多的文字 ( 或者讲的太快 ) 堵塞了语言处理和阻碍了消化内容。

Winston summarizes with an appealing prescription for becoming smarter. “Take notes…draw pictures…talk and imagine…tell stories!” The very act of explaining to another elucidates a lesson for oneself.

Winston 总结了一种明显的可以变得聪明的方法。 ” 做笔记，画图片，讲话和想象，，讲故事 ” 。为了解释其他事情的动作恰好给我们自己上了一堂课。